Summary Of The Unreality Of Time - 1340 Words

In 1908, in a paper published in Mind 17: 457-73, McTaggart chose to put forth an argument that time does not exist. The paper, titled The Unreality of Time, pushes the argument that our description of time is either contradictory, circular or insufficient, thus making it not real. McTaggart’s proof of this is his explanation of the A-series and the B-series, two descriptions of time suggested by McTaggart. Before detailing which series of time best represents the nature of time, it is appropriate to explain the A-series and the B-series. According to McTaggart, the two ways of interpreting time are classified as the A series and B series. The A series, McTaggart believes, orders times that run from the far past through the near past to the present, and then from the present through the near future through the far future. The B series, McTaggart believes, is each position is earlier than some or later than some of the other positions. McTaggart states that the B series alone is not sufficient enough to establish time, since time involves change and the B series only deals with earlier than or later than. The debate between A theorists and B theorists is strong. Having just given the explanation, it is my opinion that the A and B theory are both necessary for explaining time. We cannot deny that the present exists. We live in it. To accept only that the B series is a good explanation of time would suggest that the future is in a fixed state, essentially suggesting that IShow MoreRelatedSummary : The Unreality Of Time 1545 Words   |  7 PagesPaper- Question 3 Phil 100 Due: December 15 McTaggart’s Paradox The Scottish philosopher J.E. McTaggart published his work â€Å"The Unreality of Time† that presented a now famous argument in the world of philosophy. McTaggart concluded that time doesn’t exist and that nothing worth calling time exists. He came to this conclusion by uncovering two theories of time, which are referred to as the â€Å"a-series† and the â€Å"b-series.† The a-series is the â€Å"series of positions running from the far past throughRead MoreAnalysis Of John Muirs The Solitude Of Now 1217 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Muir, from â€Å"My First Summer in the Sierra† (p.71) Summary of Yosemite John Muir deeply lives in the solitude of now, and integrates a sense of belonging within Yosemite when he writes, â€Å"We are now in the mountains and they are in us† (Muir, p. 72). Muir’s detailed, joyous descriptions of the Yosemite, in the mountains, valleys, forests, Yosemite Creek with falling waters, mountain creatures and plants, erupted in his writing as the very breath of his life, that soaked the exquisite sightingsRead MoreEssay on Hyperbole and Illusion In A Midsummer Night’s Dream814 Words   |  4 Pagessituations that occur to provide a basis for the conflict between reality and illusion, blurring the line that separates the two concepts. Before the symbolism of the woods and the land of fairies, the main sources of the conflict between reality and unreality, is intact, there are small hints slowly leading to that direction in the opening scene of Act I, scene i. When Egeus approaches Theseus to aid him with his daughter’s infatuation with Lysander instead of Demetrius, he claims that Lysander has â€Å"bewitchdRead MoreLink Between Spatial Attention And Social Anxiety1480 Words   |  6 Pagesresulting in avoidance and feelings of helplessness. At the subjective or affective level the individual feels frightened or apprehensive. And finally, at the cognitive level anxiety involves: (a) certain sensory-perceptual symptoms such as feelings of unreality, hypervigilance and self-consciousness; (b) thinking difficulties such as poor concentration, inability to control thinking, blocking, and difficulty reasoning; and (c) conceptual symptoms like cognitive distortions, fear-related beliefs, frighteningRead MoreEs say Panic Disorder1376 Words   |  6 PagesTrembling or Shaking Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering Feeling of choking Chest pain or discomfort Nausea or abdominal distress Dizziness, unsteadiness, light headed, or fainting Feeling of unreality Fear of losing control Fear of dying Numbness or tingling sensations Chills or hot flushes To be diagnosed as panic disorder, the attacks must be recurrent and unexpected. At least one of the attacks must be followed byRead MoreTradition Values Experience Higher Than Lineage1648 Words   |  7 Pagesplatform sutra. Such paradoxical behavior impair his non-dualism position. Furthermore, even Shen-Hui himself cannot explain where the border of real and illusory is and has to â€Å"admit that there is a method and a means of eliminating the veil of unreality† (Gomez 76). Within the dispute of South and North school, when Shen-Hui is questioned about the paradox in entering nirvana without uprooting affliction whereas the affliction original in people’s heart, his reply not only based on Nirvana SutraRead MoreBipolar Disorder Is A Complex Physiological And Psychological Disorder1965 Words   |  8 PagesEveryone at different times in life feels sad and that is normal. Everyone in life has ups and downs all in one day and that is normal to. Sometimes your sadne ss comes from things that happen in your everyday life you move like moving to different city and leave behind friends, you lose your job or a loved one dies. However how do we determine what the difference between what is known as normal feelings of sadness or ups and downs and the feelings that are caused by suffering from bipolar disorderRead MoreWhat A Lot Of People Do Not Know2305 Words   |  10 Pagesoff of instances in the author’s own lives. A lot of times authors will take experiences from their personal lives and incorporate them into their work. Although the characters are fictional, the events that happen and the feelings they experience are not. Rather, the stories are based off something traumatic that has happened to the author, and the writer is also making up characters that secretly parallel people from his/her life. A lot of times authors â€Å"use fiction to tell the truth,† meaning thatRead MorePassion Paper Simon Sinek2463 Words   |  10 Page srecent art of advertising along with other components. People exercise their imagination, feel the pulse of the people, what touches tickles them and what captures their mind and then create a whole new tantalizing world of fantasy, glamour and unreality to sell off real things. In fact, advertisers and advertisements play and encase upon the psychology of people in order to achieve their ends. Even cinema have been affected by advertisement .What we call as traitors of movies, publicity of a movieRead More D-day Essay3345 Words   |  14 Pagesextremely nervous. It was as if I was in a fantasy dream world and thought that at any moment I would wake up from this unreality and find that I was back in the barrack room at Bulford Camp. Whilst we laughed and sang to raise our spirits - and perhaps to show others that we were no scared - personally I knew that I was frightened to death. The very idea of carrying out a night-time airborne landing of such a small force into the midst of the German army seemed to me to be little more than a suicide

Embalmers Embalming and Early Egyptian Eras Free Essays

After we die our souls are taken to either Heaven or Hell, but what happens with our bodies left on earth? For those who did and did not take good care of it, the embalmers are the one who brings the â€Å"dead back to life†, when I say this I mean the body not our actual spirit. Embalming can be defined as preserving of the body for burial; it has been around for centuries and can be dated back to early Egyptian eras. Embalmers are highly trained professionals that perform this repulsive yet phenomenal task. We will write a custom essay sample on Embalmers: Embalming and Early Egyptian Eras or any similar topic only for you Order Now To become an embalmer you are required to have the following knowledge: chemistry, Customer and Personal Service, Biology, English Language, Law and Government, education and training, psychology, and Administration and Management. For skill level you need to know service orientation, active listening, knowing how to speak to others, coordination, science, reading comprehension, social perceptiveness, instructing, time management, and critical thinking. Most important thing a person needs to become an embalmer is a high school diploma. Four plus years in college, training in mortuary science, and a license in the state you are trying to become an embalmer. Life of an embalmer is very different from anyone that works with people because their clients are dead. They are hired by funeral directors and work in complete isolation. Many myths are said that most embalmers are socially inclined because of their morbid job, but that is highly untrue. Embalming is a long process, its start with the pre-embalming this is where this is where the embalmer makes note of any jewelry, discoloration, scars, bruises, etc. n the body if any catheters or clothing is on the body it is also removed. After this is done the embalmer washes the body down with a germicidal soap, killing any germs, and then relaxes the muscles because of rigor mortis and shaves the body because of peach fuzz will mess up any makeup. The second stage is feature setting, this is where the embalmer starts putting the body in the position that they are going to place in the casket. Cotton is placed between the eyes and eyelids to keep the eye ball from slipping down in socket. Next, the jaw is closed by a suture gun, a curved needle that is injected through the gums of the upper jaw into the nostril and then tied. Third is the arterial embalming this is where embalming fluid is injected into the artery while the blood is being drained from the heart and veins. This takes up to two galloons of usually a mixture of formaldehyde or other chemical and water! Once this is through the arterial and jugular vein is removed. Almost done, next we need to go through cavity embalming, to me this is most important because all the stuff that lies within the organs most be drained or they will find another escape (and it would be a sad sight to see that during a funeral) so all fluid from left over organs are suctioned out this is done with a trocar. Last is post-embalming, the embalmer does another full wash and hair and makeup are done to give the life-like appearance again. Seems like a lot, but the job keeps the family happy and money in their pocket that is the job look stays increasing (mostly because people die every day and embalmers retire) it is said to have the highest growth population in jobs. The first year through the fourth the average salary is $24,134 to $40,828, and those embalmers with 5 to 9 years’ experience earn average annual salaries between $36,115 and $49,579. Its good pay but if you’re the easily squeamish type it’s definitely not for you. Without embalmers there would be a lot of problems when it came time to funerals. This job is very well exciting and keeps you busy. How to cite Embalmers: Embalming and Early Egyptian Eras, Essay examples

Business Method for Efficient and Direct

Question: Discuss about the Business Method for Efficient and Direct. Answer: Introduction: Arrow Electronic is a Fortune 500 company that originated in the United States of America. The companys main business dealing is to distribute electronic components as well as computer products. Arrow Electronics was founded in the year 1935 under the name of Arrow Radio in Manhattan, USA. The following report is going to analyse business and marketing management of the aforesaid company with the help of authentic business models and theories. The report is designed in two segments- the customer analysis and the company analysis. Both the area are going to be covered with the help of statistical and core management study. The report basically aims to analyse certain issues faced by the company during its business performance and it will further try to recommend some business plans which can help the company get rid of those problems. Since Arrow Electronics is involved in supply market, the paper will look into the supply chain management of the company that will be analysed through Portes vale chain model, ARA model and other major business models and theories (Zhan et al. 2015). Customer satisfaction and profit maximisation is the major objective for a profit making organisation. Arrow Schwebers customer analysis can be done with the following models: 8-Step Buying Process Analysis: Basic 8-steps of buying or purchasing process of a business organisation comprises of the following: Identification of Need Selection of Specific Product Appointment of Purchase Team Technical Specification Budget Analysis for the Purchase Investigation of the Potential Suppliers Solicitation of Bids Awarding the Contract (Lovelock and Patterson 2015) In case of the identification of the market need, A/ S has strictly studied what its customers want from the company. In order to sell the price sensitive products in the market, the company has directly approached to the customers. The company is quite precise in selection of the specific product. Arrow has been doing business in the electronic components only and the business method has not changed for a long time. The company has appointed a well trained purchase team that has been deployed to analyse the current situation and mode of the market and customers. Technically Arrow is quite specific about the sales and purchase of its products. The company performs its customer analysis through the assistance of technological device. Every year the company sets a budget for the purchase and the budget is always specific about its market target. Whether the suppliers are potential or not, the company does generally investigate it. Potential suppliers are always sought after. In order to meet the technical requirement of the products, the company solicits bids from its manufacturers as well as from its suppliers. After selection of the bids from the suppliers, a potential supplier is awarded contract with the company for a certain period of time (Hollensen 2015). CRM Analysis: The term Customer Relationship Management (CRM) defines the relationship between any organization and its customer. According to many reports, CRM plays a crucial role in the development of the organization (Dabholkar 2015). CRM concentrates on customers information. Managers often use such information to identify their loyal consumers and provide them quality service. The term CRM has come to the limelight in last few years. CRM often works as a weapon to the organization to observe the requirements and behaviors of the consumers. The effectiveness of CRM increases the margin of customer satisfaction. The identification of customers demand and maintain a healthy relationship with the customers has become easy due to the emergence of Internet. It has become easy to keep information about a large number of customers due to the innovation of computers and internet (Mullins et al. 2014). Customers can provide their useful feedback via internet, so organization can easily rectify their m istakes. Thus, the relationship between customers and organization has become very transparent and effective. It is evident in the case study that they maintain unique relationship with their customers. The management of Arrow pay special attention to the demand of their consumers (Khodakarami and Chan 2014). Supply Chain Analysis: Supply chain management signifies the flow of any product or service. This procedure consists of various steps, such as collecting raw materials, providing them to the firm where the product will be processed, collecting the final product and delivers it to the distributors or the consumers. At first, Keith Oliver has used the term supply chain management in an interview in 1982. According to some reports, supply chain management is a set of a system in which every element are related to each other and work together to achieve a common objective (Monczka et al. 2015 ). The development of every organization is dependent on supply chain management. It is responsibility of the managers to maintain a transparent service in the supply chain. In this competitive era, every organization must understand the importance of an effective supply chain management. It provides the organization a great opportunity to compete with other industries in this era of of globalization. The flow of supply c hain management is divided into three parts- i) The information flow ii) the finances flow iii) the product flow. Supply chain management strategies are considered as backbone of every organization (Michael 2014). The scenario of business development has been changed in last few decades. Every organization is relying on the supply chain management to develop their organization (De Backer and Miroudot 2014). Porters Value Chain: Michael Porter in 1985 designed Value Chain in order to examine systematically the way competitive advantage develops and to identify where value is added in an organisation. The value chain is depended on the process view of organisations where the manufacturing company or service is seen as a system that is made up of various other sub-systems, each with transformation processes, inputs and outputs involving the procurement and consumption of resources. Activity based management and the balanced scorecard underlines the concept of value chain. But this model has also received criticisms and its most significant weakness is that it cannot be applied easily to service providing organisations. In order to overcome this problem, Charles Stabell and Oystein Fjeldstad, in 1998 developed an alternative model of value chain for professional services firms. According to Stabell and Fjedstad, organization that are based on professional service is more like a value shop, that is a workshop and not a retail outlet and thus it mobilises resources in order to solve specific problems. This involves a chain process that involves the reiteration of a standard set of activities until a satisfactory solution is reached. This model applies to many organisations such as consultancies, architects and legal firms, and even to those organisations whose primary objectives is to identify and make use of opportunities, such as developing a drug, finding oil and others. The support activities are same as in Porters model only the primary activities are described differently (Smith 2016). Conclusion: The customer relationship and sales management in the company is linked with each other. Since the company tries to enhance its sales and purchase in different ways, both the marketing elements are required to be fulfilled with different marketing and sales related ideas. The eight steps of purchasing plan are the determinant of creating need in the market. On the other hand, the company needs to manage its supply chain in order to strengthen the potential suppliers. Through value chain model designed by Porter it has been clearly understood that the company does not set its limit in procuring best of the components from its supplier. In order to maintain the compatibility of the product it sells in the market, the company has every possible provision of keeping and storing. Thus the external and the internal factors of supply chain are ensured. Reference: Dabholkar, P.A., 2015. How to improve perceived service quality by increasing customer participation. InProceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 483-487). Springer International Publishing. De Backer, K. and Miroudot, S., 2014. Mapping global value chains. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education Khodakarami, F. and Chan, Y.E., 2014. Exploring the role of customer relationship management (CRM) systems in customer knowledge creation.Information Management,51(1), pp.27-42. Lovelock, C. and Patterson, P., 2015.Services marketing. Pearson Australia.. Michael, J., 2014.Business method for efficient and direct buying, selling renting and leasing real estate. U.S. Patent Application 14/323,899. Monczka, R.M., Handfield, R.B., Giunipero, L.C. and Patterson, J.L., 2015.Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Mullins, R.R., Ahearne, M., Lam, S.K., Hall, Z.R. and Boichuk, J.P., 2014. Know your customer: How salesperson perceptions of customer relationship quality form and influence account profitability.Journal of Marketing,78(6), pp.38-58. Smith, S., 2016. Sandra Smith. Zhang, X., Han, X., Liu, X., Liu, R. and Leng, J., 2015. The pricing of product and value-added service under information asymmetry: a product life cycle perspective.International Journal of Production Research,53(1), pp.25-40.

Dissertation Proposal for Effective Recruitment - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDissertation Proposal for Effective Recruitment. Answer: Introduction Background relevance of the topic and the organization Recruitment and selection practices are very important aspects to enhancing business growth. Manaseer group is an investment visionalised group important in improving economic environment and industrial development in Jordan (Absar, 2012). The group invests in energy, fertilizers among many other fields. Effective recruitment selection process enhances its proper management activities important in ensuring their set goals and objectives are enhance to lead in achievement of their vision. Business growth in an organization is influenced by the effectiveness of both internal and external factors like effective recruitment process. Relevance of studying the topic to MBA students The title is relevant in sustainability of MBA because it helps examine the various ways in which effective recruitment section process enhances the rate of business growth in a given organization. Studying this topic is relevant to both the students and the stakeholders at large (Branine Avramenko 2015). This is because, the field of recruitment in an organizational setting requires an individual to be relevantly skilled to enhancing a smooth selection process. By studying the topic contents, the student is able to carry out responsible and skillful recruitment selection assignment in a given business setting or even give proper advice to other interested stakeholders (Ash, et al, 2013). Objectives Specific objective To examine the impact of effective recruitment and selection practice on business growth General objectives To identify the various existing recruitment selection processes in a business setting To identify the various business recruitment selection objectives in an on organization To identify the skills required for an individual to be a recruitment selection personnel in an organization Literature review According to Chungyalpa (2016), recruitment and selection process in an organization are critical aspects. The business environments have become more competitive as the business units are globalizing more and more each day. To enable the unit handle this level of competition aspects, having the right personnels with the right skills and for the right tasks is very crucial and should be enhanced. Ramasamy (2011), in his publication, to enhance effective recruitment and selection of employees in an organization, the department concerned should come up with a job analysis document. This gives the requirements of all those who may qualify the position being advertised. Giving details of particular job requirement in each case. Psacharopoulos (1991), in his publication quested for manpower in recruitment. He argues that effective recruitment selection of employee is only enhanced by the management understanding its main requirement of a particular job description. Failure of effective recruitment process is as a result of ignorance by the relevant authorities. Other than just predicting what the employee should do and what he or she needs, the management should be able to make a relevant turnover through prediction and the relevant replacement of the existing gaps. Impacts of effective recruitment process on business growth is mainly enhanced by the need to have the right group of employee. According to Huhman HR (2014), in his publication, he states that the current trends in the recruitment selection process are detailed to enhance the right employees are taken in to perform their duties as required. Employment tests are important tests that are conducted to ensure qualities of potential candidates. The main aim is to ensure that the individual matches with all the job requirements to enhance business growth. Karishma (2016), in his article current trends in recruitment selection process analyses by saying that effectiveness of recruitment selection process do not only enhance business growth but also the employees abilities to deliver. Methodology Problem statement Recruitment selection process in an organization refers to the process of choosing skilled personnels in various organizational departments. Some of these departments include recruitment section, management, human resource, purchasing operations and supplier selection departments. All these sectors in an organization affect the wellbeing of its growth. Recruitment of personnels to manage each department is very crucial and should be done effectively. This affects the level of business growth of an organization and hence its important to examine the impacts of effective recruitment selection on business growth as way of enhancing better improvements in the process if there is need (Mir, 2012). Research question What are the impacts of effective recruitment selection practice on business growth? Research method To enhance effective and adequate data collection, qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection will be relevantly enhanced. Qualitative methods Observations This is a method of data collection that requires the researcher to observe in order to acquire data. The researcher can observe actively or passive. Active observation includes observe as he or she asks question or can while passive observation includes observing without asking any question. For this case, observation will be relevant while checking on the physical activities included while recruiting personnels in an organization. Example, observing documentations of individual joining Maseer investment group in Jordan. Action research method This is a method of data collection that includes a researcher to be part of the subject being investigated as a way of accessing relevant data. A researcher has a role of applying the required skills in an organization to be part of it to enhance his or her activities. Example, in Manaseer Group, the researcher can be part of the recruitment selection team and also have another researching in the departments where the recruited personnels are working. This will help the researcher and his team get an insight of how the process is carried out effectively and also how the ones recruited perform to enhancing business growth (Fabel Pascalau, 2013). Case studies This is a method of data collection that requires the researcher to identify existing cases relating to research problem and enhancing the main objective of the study. The researcher has to identify the existing case, study the case, analyze is it to acquire relevant data. Manaseer group has been in existence for some time now and has various cases written on the impacts of effectiveness recruitment process. The researcher should identify the written cases, study them and acquire the required relevant data (Cousin, G2005). Methods of qualitative data analysis Content analysis. This is a method of qualitative data analysis that involves coding and classifying data collected by the researcher. Its the process where the researcher categorizes the collected data to make sense on the important findings identified. Quantitative methods of data collection Surveys This is a method of data collection that deals with acquiring broad information about a particular subject. The research involves use of question that can either be closed or open. The survey questions are given to individual understanding the subject and its background. Example, for this research the survey prepared should be directed to stakeholders or even members of Manaseer group who understands its practices and developments in a broad manner. The questions administered should directly acquire information relating to recruitment selection process of the organization and its impacts on organizations growth. Whether closed or open questions, they should be simple and direct as wrong as they refer to the content in question. The questions can also be directed to particular personnel who are believed to hold a particular and significant position in the recruitment department as its the subject matter. This can be the department manager or even an employee who has knowledge of the m atter in question and is willing to assist. Quantitative method of data analysis. The method of data analysis enhanced in this case is bivariate data analysis method. Its a comparison of two variables which are effective recruitment process and impacts of effective recruitment process on business growth. Data sources Both secondary and primary data will be used in this research. Secondary data will be from written publications or articles on effective recruitment selection practice and its impacts on Manaseer group business growth. In case of primary data to be used, the researcher will follow the given ethical procedure to get permit and other requirements of assessing data from any Manaseer group party or source. Project plan and time scale Timetable for project research Activities Month Research Activity October November December Structure of chapters of final project Recruitment selection methods Examine and analyze various recruitment section practice methods Recruitment selection goals and objectives Outline and explain various recruitment selection goals and objectives Skills of a recruitment selection manager Factors of enhancing effective selection practice in an organization Impacts of effective recruitment selection practice on business growth in an organization Any foreseen problems These are challenges that can be experienced during the study Inadequate time and resources to enable the researcher explore all relevant data sources Inadequate cooperation with the organization members while accessing primary data References Absar, MN 2012, 'Recruitment selection practices in manufacturing firms in Bangladesh', Indian Journal Of Industrial Relations, 3, p. 436, Academic OneFile, EBSCOhost, viewed 24 September 2017. Ash, r, Hodge, P, Connell, P 2013, 'the recruitment and selection of principals who increase student learning', Education, 134, 1, pp. 94-100, Professional Development Collection, EBSCOhost, viewed 24 September 2017. Branine, M, Avramenko, A 2015, 'A Comparative Analysis of Graduate Employment Prospects in European Labour Markets: A Study of Graduate Recruitment in Four Countries', Higher Education Quarterly, 69, 4, pp. 342-365, ERIC, EBSCOhost, viewed 24 September 2017. Chungyalpa W, Karishma T (2016) Best Practices and Emerging Trends in Recruitment and Selection. J Entrepren Organiz Manag 5:173. doi:10.4172/2169-026X.1000173 Cousin, G 2005, 'Case Study Research', Journal Of Geography In Higher Education, 29, 3, pp. 421-427, Professional Development Collection, EBSCOhost, viewed 24 September 2017. Fabel, O, Pascalau, R 2013, 'Recruitment of seemingly overeducated personnel: insider-outsider effects on fair employee selection practices', International Journal Of The Economics Of Business, 1, p. 57, Academic OneFile, EBSCOhost, viewed 24 September 2017. Huhman HR (2014)6 Recruitment trends you can't ignore in 2015. Mir Mohammed Nurul, A 2012, 'Recruitment Selection Practices in Manufacturing Firms in Bangladesh', Indian Journal Of Industrial Relations, 3, p. 436, JSTOR Journals, EBSCOhost, viewed 24 September 2017. Psacharopoulos G (1991) from manpower planning to labour market analysis. Int'l Lab. Rev 130: 459 Ramasamy T (2011) Principles of Management. Himalaya Publishing House Pvt ltd, Mumbai, India.

Evolution Essay Samples - Learn How To Write An Evolution Essay Sample

Evolution Essay Samples - Learn How To Write An Evolution Essay SampleThere are many online materials for students to use in writing an evolution essay. You may think that there is little difference between writing for this type of material and other types, but it's not always the case. Evolution essay samples can differ greatly, depending on the author and the subject matter.Most evolution essay samples focus on human evolution. This is a good thing if you are looking for an evolutionary type subject because it is a fairly well known subject that most people are familiar with. Evolution, as stated above, is the study of how our species has evolved. For example, some evolution essay samples might focus on the similarities between dinosaurs and man.A possible downfall is if the subject matter is one that is more difficult to understand. The basics of evolution may be understood by some, but the details will not always be the same across different individuals. For this reason, some evo lution essay samples are created to be easy to read.One way to make an evolution essay easy to read is to use simple language. By not using too much detail or using the term too often, the content can be easier to understand. This can help to make the essay more interesting to the reader.Evolution essay samples that focus on making the content easier to understand have the tendency to use less specific terms. Common terms are used less often to make it easy to understand what is being discussed. This includes terms like 'twins,' 'neanderthals,' and 'human.'The subject of evolution is something that is not always easy to understand, so it is important to understand that evolution essay samples are developed to make it easier to understand. The use of less-specific terminology should be considered, too. By doing this, the general idea of evolution can be easily understood by the reader.Some evolution essay samples focus on how the subject matter in human evolution is similar to other animals that have been researched and studied. This is done by looking at how the development of certain traits or characteristics is similar to certain types of animals. For example, how some dinosaurs were born after a certain amount of time spent in the womb is similar to the time spent in a human woman's womb.As you can see, there are many differences between evolution essay samples and other topics that you can use. When creating a topic, you want to make sure that it is one that is easy to understand. If the content is too complicated, you will lose interest in the evolution essay samples and avoid looking at them at all.

African American Literature and Parody

â€Å"African American Literature is a thematically arranged, comprehensive survey of African American literature† (Gilyard 1). Gilyard notes that â€Å"the unique thematic organization of the anthology allows for a concise and coherent assessment of African American literature† (1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on African American Literature and Parody specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An important tactic of African American literature is parody, a form that allows the writer to take on important qualities of a prior text or a literary tradition, and modify them with subversive intent. This tactic has been employed by Ralph Ellison and Ishmael Reed to parody the work or earlier writers thus, making important cultural points. This paper examines how the use of parody is symbolic in the African American literature. Hutcheon argues that â€Å"parody is repetition, but repetition that includes a differ ence; it is imitation with critical imitation distance, whose irony can cut both ways† (37). Parody utilizes two ironic versions that include trans-contextualization and inversion, in its formal operatives. Pragmatic ethos of parody ranges from scornful ridicule to reverential homage (Hutcheon 37). On the other hand, the English Oxford dictionary (1182) defines parody as â€Å"a composition in prose or verse in which the characteristic turns of thought and phrase in an author or class of authors are imitated in such a way as to make them appear ridiculous, especially by applying them to ludicrously inappropriate subjects; an imitation of work more or less closely modeled on the original, but so tuned as to produce a ridiculous effect†. â€Å"A critical distance is implied between the original text being parodied and the new in cooperating work; a distance usually signaled by irony† (32). The pleasure of parody’s irony comes not from humor in particular but from the degree of engagement of the reader in the intertextual bouncing between complicity and distance (as cited in Foster). Thus, parody is an imitative work written to comment upon the original work, trivialize or mock at it. Humorous, ironic and satiric imitations are used in a parody. Parody is an important tactic of African American literature, a form that allows the writer to take on important qualities of a prior text or a literary tradition and modify them with subversive intent.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bright examples of parody may be observed in the works written by Ralph Ellison namely â€Å"Invisible Man† and â€Å"Mumbo Jumbo† written by Ishmael Reed. It should be noted that the parody used in Reed’s and Ellison’s works is primarily parodic narration or internal polemic. Through reviewing Ellison’s â€Å"Invisible M an† and Reed’s â€Å"Mumbo Jumbo†, this paper demonstrates the general peculiarities of African American literature where parody is skillfully used and plays an important role. The review of secondary sources allows for a deeper understanding of the peculiar characteristics of Reed’s and Ellison’s parody by black writers. In his book titled â€Å"The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of African-American Literary Criticism†, Gates Henry takes into account the parody in African American literature. Gates argues that at the time when the study of literature is characterized by what many scholars feel to be undue concern with literal theory, parody should not lead to a drift from the original text. He suggests that the primary aim of parody should be elaborative. Gates quotes the Russian scholar, Mikhail Bakhtin, who observes the use of parody through double-voiced discourse subdivided in parodic narration and internal polemic. These two types of doubl e-voiced discourse are merged together in Ellison’s â€Å"Invisible Man† and Reed’s â€Å"Mumbo Jumbo†. The author points out the correlation or as he calls them â€Å"the direct black lines† which connect Ishmael Reed with Ralph Ellison, Hurston and Toni Morrison (Gates, 111). Reed uses two autonomous narrative voices, which is the parody of two simultaneous stories of detective narration. The narrative of the past bears an ironic relation to the narrative of the present. Criticism of the text is a sort of self-parody which is extensively used in Reed’s works. In addition, Reed imitates the dualism used by Ralph Ellison in his â€Å"Invisible Man†. Gates notes that novelists such as Ralph Ellison and Ishmael Reed created texts that are double voiced in the sense that their literally antecedents are both black and white novels, but also modes of figuration lifted from the black vernacular tradition.Advertising We will write a cus tom essay sample on African American Literature and Parody specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Gates further argues that black tests are â€Å"mulattoes’, with a two toned heritage. These two texts speak in standard Romance or Germanic languages or literally structures. Thus, to locate and then theorize about, these formal differences are to utilize certain tools of close reading that facilitate explication. Gates notes that the black tradition has theorized about itself, explicitly. Whereas Reed seems to be about the clearing of space of narration, Walker seems to be intent on underscoring the relation of her text to Huston’s in a joyous proclamation of antecedent and descendant texts. Benard Bell in his book entitled â€Å"The Contemporary African American Novel: Its Folk Roots and Modern Literary Branches† critically analyzes the works of African American writers including Ralph Ellison and Ishmael Reed. Parody i s one of the ethic forms of oratory, the black vernacular, which is first developed by boys in play to assert masculinity among people and to achieve the sense of security in their contact with the hostility of a larger society (Bell, 79). These ethnic forms of speech are used by a number of black novelists such as Charles W. Chestnut, Richard Wright, Ralph Ellison, Ishmael Reed, John O. Killens and others. Benard wonders whether race class or gender is the dominant issues in Afrocentric, Eurocentric and Americentric cultural theories. Bell agrees with many black African feminists who contend that race, class and gender are inseparable matrix (13).Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bell argues that in practice the social, cultural and literal criticism of popular black feminists like Bell Hooks, invariably privileges the empowerment of women over the two. Benard Bell agrees with Bell Hooks’ idea that patriarchy is the arch enemy of social systems. Bell also agrees with his peers including Reed and Ellison that race, ethnicity, class and gender are intimately linked. However, Benard Bell stresses ethnicity and race over class and gender for three reasons. First, Benard Bell questions the authority of post colonial discourse on immigrant groups crossing boundaries and assimilating into a nation that misleadingly stresses surface similarities over historical, geographical and cultural differences. Second, Benard Bell challenges the authority of agency of the implied authors, narrators and characters who believe that man corrupts everything and that the feminization of men is the panacea of patriarchy as system of male domination. Third, Benard Bell feels c ompelled to respond to narratives and discourses by black feminists, critics and pundits that reinforce and perpetuate negative images of black males. Such black feminists see black males as drug addicts, domestic abusers, moral degenerates, sex-crazed dogs and dead-beat dads. Ellison narration shows how he had hated his grand father. He believed that his misfortunes were caused by the grandfather. Bell seems to parody Ellison’s work by distancing himself from ‘tainting’ the image of black men as he puts it. Benard Bell puts it clear that his neither an Africanist nor Egyptologist and that he is not concerned with the African discourse on the ancient civilianization during pre-colonial, African past. Instead, he is concerned with renewing and reinvigorating discourse on the liberating impact of cultural and literally production by Americans of African origin (Bell14). Page is another author who points out the role of parody in the development of African-American literature. In his book titled â€Å"Icons of African American Literature: The Black Literary World†, Page uses parody in evaluating various authors of African American literature. Apart from this, the book is devoted to the bright representatives of African American literature who have influenced the history of this literature. Ralph Ellison’s works are observed particularly, namely â€Å"Invisible Man†. Ellison uses the background voices of various strains of Black Nationalists, Marxists, and religious leaders in his â€Å"Invisible Man†. Page provides basic motifs covered in African American literature and the use of parody to reinforce the actuality of these topics. Page argues that iconic authors like Ralph Ellison and Ishmael Reed and their works, have played a significant role in the canonization of African American Literature. Page argues that although Ellison was given a National Book Award, he could not escape from the fact that in many circles, he was a black writer who had written what many considered another facet of the black experience. In fact, white publications and publishers’ sought Ellison’s pronouncements, on the latest black novel. However, Ellison invariably refused to do so. Page indicates that Ellison believed that the racial novel did not exist and that black writers should stay away from racial polemic. This opinion has been seconded by Page. Page notes that the literary legacy of Ralph Ellison continues as successive generations have evaluated and reevaluated the breath and scope of his literal intellect. Page appreciates the recognition that Ralph’s work gets. Every year, a new perspective of the Invisible Man in the form of dissertations and critical essays and a scholarly appreciation of Ellison’s work essays on Jazz and African American Culture occurs. Page clarifies that biographer Rampersad also analyzed Ellison’s work. Rampersad notes that Ellison pointed antipath y directed towards the emergence African American female writers during the 1970s. The African American female writers severely criticized the depiction of black women in the Invisible Man especially his depiction of the wife and daughter of the incestuous sharecropper, and the Mummy like figure of Mary Rambo. Page argues that Invisible Man, perhaps, makes more sense today than it did in 1952 because its scope and structure were an unknown territory for African American writing. Page notes that although the work has been hailed as an exploration universal modern man, it is unmistakably black in its use of signification, African American folks and musicality (34). On the other hand, Bruce and Zemliansky argue that the most controversial and innovated novelist of African American literature is Ishmael Reed. The two writers parody nine novels written by Ishmael Reed. They observe Reed’s Neo Hoodoo aesthetic, which combines parody and satire, fantasy and comedy, myths, history, A frican and American religions, and other forms of culture. They observe double-voiced discourse in reed’s works and its role in passing to the reader the main ideas. Observing the parody used by Reed in his works, the authors highlight how the use of parody is important in the African American literature. Bruce and Zemliansky argue that Reed has emerged as the most innovative and controversial African American writer despite his belief that he and other black male writers have been misinterpreted and virtually ignored in the press (2). In addition, Nadel Alan points out the role of parody in Ellison’s works in his book titled ‘Ralph Ellison and American canon: invisible criticism’. Ellison employs modernist techniques such as the use of parody to establish his ethnic identity and the more we examine his text as a modernist one, the more it reveals that black American identity. Nadel refers Ralph Ellison to the American literature canon demonstrating that a llusions from â€Å"Invisible Man† changed readings of such American writers as Twain, Emerson and Melville (4). Ellison uses the parody, which does not mock at other literary works, but he imitates the style of writing of many writers of the American canon. Nadel argues that the issue of canon formation has elicited a great deal of attention, a phenomenon not incidental to the influence of literary study of post structuralism, feminism and, ethnic consciousness. These approaches mandate modes of thinking which urge distance and skepticism. Applying such modes to the realm of literature makes it hard to take it for granted the great authority canons have wielded over the last century. Nadel notes that the problem of speaking form invisibility and making the absence visible pertains not only to the public functions, but also to the speech itself. Nadel points out that Ellison demonstrates this memorably when his invisible and nameless narrator speaks to an invisible and namele ss audience, attempting to uncover in their shared otherness the voice which had encoded into silence, excised from the canon. Nadel narrates that the aim of the Ellison’s work, Invisible Man, is deeply informed and framed by the issue of canonicity. The phenomenon enables a writer to speak to, and through tradition without sacrificing the speaker’s voice or denying the tradition it tries to engage. Nadel argues that this engagement with tradition is necessitated by a complicated interaction of historical and critical events which affected the erasure of the black’s role in the crucial parts of American history and literary history (1). According to Nadel, Ellison used allusion, consistently and effectively to engage the issue of canonicity. In Nadel’s parody of Ellison’s work of the Invisible Man, the systematic use allusion exploits literal critical potential and creates a coherent subtext of literal criticism. The subtext created by Ellison is o ne that engages the issues of marginality and decentering, of ethno- and logo centrism. This allows for encoding and interpretation in ways which anticipate much more contemporary European theory, and much American ‘rehistoricizing’ in regard to the role of the black in the American canon as the sense of canonicity itself (2). Moreover, Braman parody of reeds work suggests that in Mumbo Jumbo, there are fundamentally two sides of humanity. One side is familiar to any reader and is, in essence, the society in which one lives. Characterized by organized, serious, characteristically white people, this side of humanity populates most schools, governments and industries. Those who live in a controlled society habitually go through life as if it were a business transaction. As the title, Controlled Society suggests, people who survive this way are very controlled as well as petty. Rarely happy, these people believe in absolute truths that lack an innate, humanistic foundation . This was the life style of the black community in the pre-colonial period (Braman 1). Brahman argues that this phenomenon has been illustrated by Ishmael Reed’s Mumbo Jumbo. Thus, organized and monotheistic religions reign absolutely. They are untrue to themselves and contain their genuine emotions, wants and needs. It seems that people who live under a controlled society voluntarily sacrifice their human natures for the ‘greater good,’ but it becomes apparent that they are simply unable to have a human nature in the first place. These people treat art as they would treat a religion; they are happy to be simply in its presence. This lack of depth is represented in Mumbo Jumbo’s art heist, and supports John Locke’s theory in Two Treatises of Government that people who comprise a society voluntarily forfeit a portion of their freedom to maintain a common public authority (Braman 1). They do not live, they merely subsist. Ishmael Reed’s and Ra lph Ellison’s lists of published, stirring works are impressive and their stylistic, fervid writing has become a critic’s reverie. Not only Reed and Ellison are notorious authors, but their proficiency of professing their knowledge is known in various schools like Harvard, Yale and Dartmouth. What their students do not know is that most of Reed’s and Ellison’s novels and poetry are brimming with satirical representations of American religion and government, calling to question the ideals that existed in America hundreds of years ago. Conclusion The paper has elaborated the importance of parody as a tactic in African American literature. The paper has discussed how the parody of Reed’s and Ellison’s top work has been used to make important cultural pints. The paper has used Hutcheon’s definition of parody. Hutcheon argues that â€Å"parody is repetition, but repetition that includes difference; it is imitation with critical imitation distance, whose irony can cut both ways† (37). The paper first examined â€Å"The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of African-American Literary Criticism†, in which Gates Henry parodied African American literature. Gates pointed out parody should not lead to a drift from the original text. The paper then examined Benard Bell’s book entitled â€Å"The Contemporary African America. Bell argued that Parody is one of the ethic forms of oratory, the black vernacular, which is first developed by boys in play to assert masculinity among people and to achieve the sense of security in their contact with the hostility of a larger society (Bell, 79). The paper also examined Page’s book titled â€Å"Icons of African American Literature: the Black Literary World†, in which the author indicated that Ellison believed that the racial novel did not exist and that black writers had to stay away from racial polemic. The paper also illustrated how Bruce, Zemliansky and Na del parody Ellison’s and Reed’s work in their books titled â€Å"The Critical Response to Ishmael Reed’ and Political Philosophy of John Locke respectively. Moreover, it concluded by examining Braman’s parody of Reed’s top creativity as illustrated in Mumbo Jumbo. This paper has demonstrated how the use of parody is symbolic in the African American literature. Works Cited Bell, Benard. The Contemporary African American Novel: Its folk roots and literary branches. Massachussets: Massachussets University Press, 2004. Print. Braman, C. Political Philosophy of John Locke. Chuck Braman 1996. Web. https://www.chuckbraman.com/political-philosophy-of-john-locke.html. Bruce, Dick and Zemliansky, P. The Critical Response to Ishmael Reed. California: Greenwood Press, 1999. Print. English Oxford Dictionary. Parody. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Print. Gilyard, K. African American Literature. New York: Longman, 2004. Hutcheon, Linda. A theory of paro dy: the teachings of twentienth century art forms. London: Routledge, 1985. Nadel, Alan. Ralph Ellison and the American Canon: Invisible Criticism. Iowa: Iowa University Press, 1988. Print. Page, Yolanda. Icons of African American Literature: the black literary world. Washington: Libray of Congress Publishing, 2011. Print. This essay on African American Literature and Parody was written and submitted by user Natasha M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Shiloh essays

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