Essay about Rock Music in the GDR and the Eastern Bloc

The well-known riff of Deep Purple’s â€Å"Smoke on the Water† opens Andreas Dresen’s movie Changing Skins (Raus aus der Haut, 1997). The film opens in a crowded music club where young people are dancing ecstatically, turned on by pulsing rock and roll. This could be a trite depiction of youth culture if it were not located in a country that suppressed this kind of music: the German Democratic Republic (GDR). It is therefore worth reflecting on the social and political controversy in the former East Germany that, finally in the 1970s, permitted the performance of rock music and even imports from the capitalist part of the world. By the late 1970s, different kinds of rock music were not only an integral part of Western youth culture but also†¦show more content†¦Beat and rock music spread all over the GDR and imported records circulated on the black market. The government finally had to accept the fact that rock and roll had become an integral part of you th culture even in the socialist bloc. At the Eighth SED Congress in 1971, Honecker announced an about-face. The needs of young people – as they were an important part of socialist society – should no longer be ignored. Therefore, music from the West was allowed to be broadcast on radio stations (most popular was the youth station â€Å"DT64†), special editions of famous musicians like Jimi Hendrix, the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, and so on were released, and local bands were allowed again to perform in newly founded music clubs and discotheques. In 1973, with the establishment of the Committee for Entertainment Music as part of the Culture Ministry and the arrangement of the International Youth Festival in East Berlin, beat music was officially rehabilitated. Basically since around 1970, â€Å"popular culture in fact was the core of a common culture† (Maase 15). As a matter of fact, with the accommodation of rock and roll to official culture the government now was better able to control songwriters and musicians. With the groups dependent on the benefits of the Ministry, whichShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Cold War and West Germany 1960-19701442 Words   |  6 Pagesbusinessmen, and the like. They were happily welcomed by the West and helped to make the economy that much better. Before the Wall was erected in 1961 the pay levels of craftsmen and professionals were broadcast from FRG radio stations (accessible in the GDR), especially if a shortage occurred in a particular field. (Perkins, Page 494.) In addition to gr eater incomes, West Germany offered a better exchange rate, more profitable currency, and the freedoms of Western Europe and North America. Throughout

Summary Of You re A Liar - 1609 Words

â€Å"You’re a liar; you promised you would take care of her, and you told me she made it through surgery.† Chay was yelling so loud and out of control that his uncle shook him by his arms and said, â€Å"She dead! Do you understand, she’s dead and you can’t see her! Nothing you do is going to bring her back, quit screaming.† With that a nurse walked into the room, it took every ounce of energy the doctor and his uncle had to pin Chay down while the nurse gave him a shot. That afternoon as the shot started wearing off, Chay could hear people crying. Still groggy, Chay stumbled into the living room full of people. At first he thought he was in a dream. I’m not sure if it was the people trying to hug him, the people crying or the people who kept†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"You are going to ride to the cemetery with the preacher and his wife. I talked to your daddy last night and he will pick you kids up there.† With that Uncle Jimmy kissed the kids once more and got into a cab then disappeared. As they lowered Josephine into the ground, Chay and his little brothers and sister each walked up and took a handful of dirt, and tossed it down into the hole on top of their mother’s coffin. Chay noticed that his father was over talking to the man from the cemetery and walked over to talk to him. His father seemed really upset about something. Chay said, â€Å"Is everything ok daddy?† He replied, â€Å"Hell no, this is all F%$†ª#‎ed†¬ up. Wait here I’ll be back in a little bit.† As he walked away Chay watched him stagger back to his car. He knew his daddy was drunk, but figured he needed time to cool off. Chay took his little brother and sister by the hand and said to his other brother, â€Å"Let’s go sit by the tree over there.† The four children watched as a tractor drove over to their mother’s grave and finished filling in the hole. Other men came over and took away the green tent, and then the flowers. The four children walked over to their mother’s grave and sat there for a few hours waiting on their daddy to come back but he didn’t. Chay finally decided to go talk to the man from the cemetery. â€Å"Have you seen my daddy,† he asked the man in

Towards Energy Proportional Computing for Enterprise

Question: Discuss about the Towards Energy Proportional Computing for Enterprise. Answer: Towards Energy-Proportional Computing For Enterprise-Class Server Workloads In huge data centers, there are thousands of nodes for computing purpose that also became a common place for enterprise computing processes. The growth of power consumptions of these data centers is occurring at an unprecedented rate. In addition to this, the servers are unable to provide execution, which is energy efficient under every level of utilization, thus do not exhibit an energy proportionality. This also reduces the overall energy level efficiency of these data centers. Hence, effective strategies are needed to improve energy efficiency and for controlling power consumption in data center servers. This report is based on investigating the possibility of achieving the energy proportionality, by using interface of Intel's RAPL (Running Average Power Limit), for server workload of enterprise-class. This report is about analyzing RAPL Interface's impact on per-transaction, performance, energy efficiency and power consumption, under the various level of loads for benchmarking. Intels RAPL Interface The power consumption by typical servers is 35 to 45 percentage of the peak power at idle state. Hence, it is challenging to achieve an energy proportionality for server workload of enterprise-class. In the interface provided by Intel's RAPL, DVFS, which refers to the dynamic scaling of voltage and frequency, is used for achieving improved energy efficiency, since it has the potential to give a cubic amount of energy savings. It is also the part that is responsible for energy proportionality in the system. The other subsystem is uncore which consumes a constant amount of power level, without depending upon system utilization. It has on-chip meters for energy measurement that deals with processor package, DRAM and core subsystem, also enables tracking down the power consumption at a system level basis and time resolution of 1 ms, which was earlier not possible. It also provides control over consumption of power through subsystems power limiting interfaces ("Intel Usage-to-Platform Re quirements Process", 2007). Contributions :Power Management via SPECpower Analysis For server workloads in enterprise-class, RAPL Interface provides a server-side processing application for Java transaction and it is based on the benchmark of SPECjbb2005. It mainly focuses on the CPU, memory hierarchy, caches and also performs implementation tests on JVM, JIT, threads and garbage collection. For benchmark process, it requires SUT and CCS, along with Ethernet that is used for communicating between systems (Stannack, 1996). Performance Characteristics of RAPL Interface Power Limiting - It limits the average power over the sliding window and does not limit instantaneous power. Its advantage is no performance degradation of workload if average performance is within power limits specified. Energy Metering- It reports the information about the actual usage of energy in the system. Performance Status- It reports the impact of performance due to the power limit. There is an MSR Interface that reports the overall time for each domain that functioned below P-state requested by the operating system. It will determine the power limiting effects on particular workloads (He, Jenkins, Wu, 2016). Power Information- It provides a range of values for control attributes that are associated with limiting of power. Each range of values specifies information for a particular domain of RAPL that corresponds to its power consumption limitation. It also includes information such as minimum power and maximum power requirement and maximum time of window ("The power of information", 2016). Power Profiles at Various SPECpower Load Levels SUT and CCS are interconnected via Ethernet gigabit network. The test beds consume an average power of 117 W at the idle condition and 314 W at the load level of 100% of SPECpower. At peak power, the system consumes 37.2%, at idle mode. Impact on Response Characteristics Usually, load levels of 50%, 60% and 70% under SPECpower limits are run by manual configuration. It does not allow to enable operation of energy proportionality at full system limit. But it's possible to achieve power savings moderately at a full system, without degradation of power. Also, with load level decrease, power saving is increased (Ryckbosch, Polfliet, Eeckhout, 2011). Limitation RAPL Interface doesnt evaluate power impact due to memory footprint increase in the benchmark of SPECpower. It doesn't explain the use of limiting memory power in operation of energy proportionality. A multi-dimensional formula for achieving best time window and power limit possible is still required. It doesnt create a system in runtime, using optimization framework and power models. Conclusion The energy and power management remains an issue with the data centers. But efficient management of power in workloads that belonged to the enterprise-class server has great potential to reduce costs that are energy oriented. To improve the energy efficiency of the data centers, there is a need for energy proportionality, which can be achieved by RAPL Interfaces for SPECpower benchmarks. Both the contributions and limitations of Intel's RAPL Interface has been included in this summary report for brief understanding. References He, Y., Jenkins, N., Wu, J. (2016). Smart Metering for Outage Management of Electric Power Distribution Networks.Energy Procedia,103, 159-164. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.11.266 Intel Usage-to-Platform Requirements Process. (2007).Intel Technology Journal,11(01). https://dx.doi.org/10.1535/itj.1101.03 Ryckbosch, F., Polfliet, S., Eeckhout, L. (2011). Trends in Server Energy Proportionality.Computer,44(9), 69-72. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2011.130 Stannack, P. (1996). Purchasing power and supply chain management powertwo different paradigms?a response to Ramsay's Purchasing power (1995).European Journal Of Purchasing Supply Management,2(1), 47-56. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-7012(95)00021-6 The power of information. (2016).IEEE Transactions On Power Delivery,31(4), 1780-1780. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2016.2593671

Use of Mythology in Snow Crash

Mythology is a name which dictates two aspects of life. To begin as off, it is used to describe several myths which form mythological systems that were derived from different societies and were used at a certain time in human history. Secondly it may be defined as a study of myths or their systems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Use of Mythology in Snow Crash specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This book brings out a world of great imagination and thinking. It has brought about an aspect of modernity and other technical aspects of life. These have been fully connected to bring out the sense of the hidden unnoticeable aspects. This aspect is used in different societies like the Greeks and Sumerians. Most of the uses are not in the physical world but in the mental and psychological (Herbert 5; Kelly 14). Odysseus was the king of Ithica, one of the strongest chieftains in the Trojan War and the best known ancient Gree k heroes. He was smart and valuable and was not only used where the physical combat was involved, but was also involved in the planning levels. He was involved in the invention of the Trojan horse tactics which was the main reason that led to the Greeks winning the war. Odysseus was given the fallen Achilles’ armor which was attributed by the fact that he had sharp wits that achieved much. To survive, Odysseus uses his shrewd intellect which is a human and modern ways of facing the challenges that he faces (Neol 23). The theory of Freud Sigmund is vividly portrayed. This is seen through Oedipus. The theory comes to life through the action of killing his biological father and marring his biological mother. In the long run Oedipus does discover the whole truth about his parents. He therefore decides to leave the city. Unfortunately, death comes in and he is no more. By putting out his own, Oedipus accepts fate. There is also another depiction of this mythology that is academica lly described as classical. This is through Media. The girl is a princess from Colchis on the Black sea. We see her saving the life of the prince of Greece and secure for her the Golden Fleece which she treasured so much. Medea takes vengeance on Jason who cruelly had abandoned her as his wife. She kills Jason and her father-in-law, and the children she and Jason had together. The description of Medea is that of having roots from the gods. The other women that are portrayed in the book also had relationships that were not doing very well. Some women are raped by gods and others sacrifice much but they also end up being abandoned by their husbands. Jason does fail to uphold the oath. Unfortunately demonization is directed to Media. This symbolizes an act of inequality between the males and the females. Medea is observed to be a witch and therefore belonged to a universe where there were religious beliefs and superstitions which were later replaced (Neol 99).Advertising Looking f or essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Zeus is a figure that is very close to an omnipotent ruler yet he is not that powerful. Zeus has a destiny and Cronus, the father, is not able to avoid being overthrown by his own son indicating that he has already accepted fate. We see acceptance of fate by everyone because even Zeus has already accepted the fact that even him will be overthrown by his own son who is yet to be born. Zeus is a divine upholder for the humans and the gods although he lacks sympathy and treats humans badly by raping women and using them just for his pleasure. Beauty is much talked about in the book with the notion that beautiful means good. There is a description of beauty. An artificial beauty is being given a prominent place in the myths and also happens to be the case in religion and the guiding principles. The Orpheue’s winning over the Hades with the lovely music that he pl ayed is described in a beautiful way. Beauty in the book is described as not being in the eye of the beholder but rather as something that is verifiable (Neol 45). In a myth such as the creation, love is observed to be a force that led even to the creation of the earth. This most certainly is different from the usual treatment of love. We appreciate love to be a bonding that happens between a man and a woman and then they live happily together but in the myths in this book, the tales are tragic ones. Women are observed to love so much but their counterparts are observed to misuse them, some are rapped and kidnapped. It is out of love that some women betray their own families so that they can have the men that they so much love. This does not end up well when the women who have devoted themselves to their marriage are later abandoned. This acts as a lesson to them not to always give up their families for the sake of the strangers who are not even related to them by blood. Cannibalism which is the eating of flesh has been introduced as a mythology. Children in the myths are sliced and cooked for eating. Tantalus who is very poor serves his son to the gods. Much revenge by practicing cannibalism to one’s children as it appears as the sweetest thing to do when in need of a better and a more effective way. Cronus swallows his children in trying to prevent his downfall. The practice of cannibalism might seem as if it is accepted in the society, but it is observed to be punishable as it happens to each one of them. The Greeks have a mythology that uplifts art to a level of divine practice (Kelsey 34). The gods understands the powers of art and therefore are providing a sparing hand for it. The art serves as a way of substituting the use of text. The art links the gods and the men since gods themselves appreciate and make them. It is therefore ok to describe art as some kind of bridge. This bridge could be for example lie in between the gods and the other being s that can be faced out through death. Greek gods are introduced as divine beings though they resemble humans in their actions which offer some explanations to mysterious happenings (Neol 120). These actions are like suffering, fighting each other or even suffering as humans do. This is why the myths are qualified especially through the linking of the invisible and the visible world or the human aspect of the gods. While this is deemed true, it means that the uncertain nature and mysteries can be explained by the actions of the gods.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Use of Mythology in Snow Crash specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An example is given where wine can lead to drunken happiness while it can still lead to wildness which is dangerous. This depicts the dual nature of Dionysus. The changing seasons of the fields, where they lie barren for a third of the year and then blossom in a flowery spring, depicts De meter’s annual mourning for the loss of her daughter. These two; Dionysus and Demeter help explain some characteristics we see in the visible realm. It therefore shows that these myths help explain some peculiarities in the world. An example of this is in the realm of waterways and navigation. In the Greek civilization, sea faring and sea trade were very vital and that led the Greeks to have the desire to explain water bodies, these were the wide varieties of water oriented gods. A stormy sea would show anger of Poseidon and a calms sea would show the beneficence of the sea nymph. The multiplicity of the gods was due to the fact that the events of the water are inexplicable and all such could not be ascribed to just one god and therefore, a whole host of divinities were used to explain the diversity of the water mysteries. These large numbers of gods and people showed the complexities that emanated from the world around them which the intricate explains from the explanations depicted in the myth. The other reason that accounts for the complexity of the myths is the diversity of the sources in compilation. These materials are borrowed from play writes and poems which are very diverse in culture and their versions differ even among these sources. To conclude it is obvious from the myths that the way of life differs greatly to the modern ways in which man is now living. Things like cannibalism and inequalities in human beings where women are observed to be oppressed through kidnapping and rape should not in any way be allowed to happen in the modern society. Works Cited Herbert, Jennings. A Handbook of Greek Mythology. London: Routledge Inc., 1991 Kelly, Douglas â€Å"Sources of Greek Myth†. An Outline of Greek and Roman Mythology. London: Sage, 2003.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kelsey, Francis W. A Handbook of Greek Mythology. London: Allyn and Bacon, 1999. Neol, Stephenson. Sow Crash. New York: Bantam Books, 1992 This essay on Use of Mythology in Snow Crash was written and submitted by user Lyric Frazier to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Create Emotional Messaging That Resonates [PODCAST]

How to Create Emotional Messaging That Resonates [PODCAST] You’ve probably read uninspiring, forgettable content. Having emotional messaging helps you connect with prospects, creating trust and relationships that can lead to sales. Today we’re chatting with Emma Tupa. Emma is the product marketing specialist at and is an expert on conversion copywriting. She uses just the right messaging to help clients find solutions to their problems and to make ’s content memorable and trustworthy. If you want to know how to create emotional messaging to stand out, build relationships and sell more, you won’t want to miss out on today’s show! Emma’s background and how she ended up being the product marketing specialist at , as well as what Emma does on the product marketing team. Emma’s definition of product marketing and how it helps create relationships that can lead to sales. Why it’s important to include emotion in the copy that you write and how to figure out which types of emotional messaging would best resonate with your clients. Emma’s thoughts on finding a good message when you have a diverse clientele, as well as why it’s important to have an idea customer in mind. How to tell whether your messaging is effective and actually working to help you build relationships and create conversions. Some easy ways to jump-start adding some emotional messaging into your copy. Incorporating humor into your copy: How to do it with GIFs, hashtags, and more. What Emma recommends for someone hoping to improve their writing. Links: Emma Tupa PopKey Copy Hackers If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Emma: â€Å"We are writing for an actual person. We aren’t writing for ourselves or for a robot. We need to be able to relate.† â€Å"It’s all about the research and putting yourself in your ideal customer’s shoes. â€Å"You can’t write for everyone when you try to satisfy too many people, you’re really satisfying no one.†

Decker Surname Origin and Family History

Decker Surname Origin and Family History The  Decker surname most commonly originated as an occupational surname for a roofer or thatcher, derived from the Old High German word decker, meaning one who covered roofs with tile, straw or slate. The meaning of the word expanded during the Middle Ages to encompass carpenters and other craftsman and was used to refer to one who built or laid the decks of vessels.  The popular Dutch surname Dekker has the same meaning, derived from the Middle Dutch  deck(e)re, from  decken, meaning to cover. The Decker surname may also derive from the German decher, meaning the quantity of ten; this may also have been a name given to the tenth child. Alternate Surname Spellings: DEKER, DECKER, DECHER, DECKARD, DECHARD, DEKKER, DEKKES, DEKK, DECK, DECKERT Surname Origin: German, Dutch Where in the World Is the Decker Surname Found? According to World Names PublicProfiler, the Decker surname is the most commonly found, based on percentage of population, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is also a very popular surname in the countries of Luxembourg and Germany. The Forbears surname distribution map for 2014 identifies the Decker surname as being very popular in Sierra Leone, based on frequency distribution. Famous People With the Decker Surname Jessie James Decker -  American country pop singer-songwriter and reality T.V. personalityEric Decker - American National League Football wide receiverDesmond Dekker - Jamaican  singer-songwriter and musicianThomas Dekker -  English  dramatist and pamphlet writer Genealogy Resources for the Surname DECKER Decker Family Genealogy Forum - Search this popular genealogy forum for the Decker surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Decker surname query.FamilySearch - DECKER Genealogy - Explore over 1.3 million results, including digitized records, database entries, and online family trees for the Decker surname and its variations on the FREE FamilySearch website, courtesy of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.GeneaNet - Decker Records - GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Decker surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries.Ancestry.com: Decker  Surname - Explore over 2.4  million digitized records and database entries, including census records, passenger lists, military records, land deeds, probates, wills and other records for the Decker surname on the subscription-based website, Ancestry.com Resources and Further Reading Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Case study and Virtual Negotiation between Law Firms for solving the Essay

Case study and Virtual Negotiation between Law Firms for solving the issues - Essay Example This suggests that the Mary was not technically an employee of the charity as she was responsible for the payment of her national insurance and income tax. It is also however, important to note that just paying the national insurance and income tax by the employee does not automatically term the employee as the self employed. This also depends upon who decides the work and what are the terms and conditions of the contract and some other factors.2 One of the key contractual issues arising out of this case therefore would be to make a decision on determining the employment of the employee and her contractual relationship with the employer. This is probably the key element in the case. Length of the Contract and legal status of employment Document D01 outlines that the contract for employment was from September to July which totals to one year of services with the current employer i.e. You Can. According to document D08B, Mary has in fact accepted the offer to renew her contract and as such both the employer and the employee are in contractual agreement to honor each other’s commitment. ... conditions mentioned in document D1 therefore You Can may significant legal challenge in this regard. As such, You Can made an offer to renew the contract of Mary which was duly accepted and therefore is binding on You Can to honor different conditions and obligations stipulated in the contract. You Can also failed to properly terminate the contract despite the fact that a Marry clearly indicated her intentions to take a break from teaching during the session. This should therefore be viewed from the perspective of forming a contract between two parties and legal obligations arising under the contract. There are different conditions under which the overall status of the employment of a person is decided as to whether a person is a self employed or an employee. Most importantly, it is critical to assess as to who directs the work under the circumstances and how the employee is paid. It is important to note that You Can actually directs the work however, Mary is not paid regularly as s he is only contracted to do a part time job of once a week. Accordingly, first condition may entitle Mary as a employee of the charity however, since she is not paid regularly therefore she may not claim that she is an employees. It is also important to note that rights given to en employee under the contract are always in addition of the rights given under the law of the land. As such rights such as paid holidays etc should also be given to the employees and employers are obliged to complete this condition. However, it is important to note that contract in DO1 clearly outlines that Mary may not be entitled to some entitlements under the contract which may be in direct conflict with

Data Communication Using the Top-Down Approach Essay - 2

Data Communication Using the Top-Down Approach - Essay Example According to Hicks (2004), this the top down emphasizes on planning as well as a total understanding of the system and in this case coding does not begin until a sufficient level of detail has been attained. This design was promoted by Harlan Mils who was an IBM researcher and Niklaus Wirth in the 1970s. Â  Equity first a mortgage brokerage company located in New England has a centralized operations center. This center which is located in Exeter, New Hampshire, is the center of all operations and it, therefore, controls all the operations of the other ten branches in Maine and Massachusetts. It is also the administrative center as it hosts departments such as accounting, human resources, executive management, and support staff. The operations center maintains a central database used to store customer information, such as loan applications, credit check information, and approval status. This fulfills the first requirement that the top-down model needs to have a central office that manages all the operations. Â  Computer networking using the top-down approach focuses on new short interlude and eventual ‘putting it all together’ that follows the coverage of the network, data link layers, transport awe well as application (Hicks 2004). Each office at Equity first is now self-reliant as they do not rely on the main office to ensure maintenance as well as effective communication. It is also responsible for the decrease in errors when it comes to operations hence no delays or breaks downs in communication takes place because each operation takes place separately. It is also quite easy to maintain because the errors are few and are easy to identify and correct.

Aussie stereotypes Essay Example for Free

Aussie stereotypes Essay Around the world, people are raised not to stereotype others. However, they often define their own cultural identity by stereotyping themselves. Not only do the stereotypes provide the model that individuals seek to match, they also provide a sense of commonality that makes people feel that they are part of a community. For example, the Chinese have been described as: â€Å"Peaceful, hardworking and easily content. They respect elders, love children and are patient with their fellows. Chinese in general are reserve and humble. They believe in harmony and never look for confrontation. † It is not only the Chinese that like to self-stereotype. The Italians self-stereotype themselves as having great style, the French as having elegance, the Japanese as being hard workers, and the Spanish as being lovers of life. The stereotypes are picked up by outsiders and in turn multiplied, particularly in travel guides where travellers are eager to know something about the kind of culture they are about to visit. In Australia, there are some individuals who can appreciate the benefits of a cultural identity and who have created stereotypes to own that identity. One such Australian is Peter Cosgrove, ex-Chief of the Army. According to Cosgrove, Without doubt the best quality we observe across the entire Australian community is a natural willingness to pitch in and have a go, to help others. We see it of course whenever there is an emergency or a worthy cause. We see it in every community volunteer organisation from the lifesavers to the bushfire brigades through to the thousands of youth and mature age sporting clubs and those great international service organisations like Rotary and many others. We see it in our professional bodies such as the police, fire and ambulance services and of course in the defence force. It is a generosity of spirit and a selflessness that is perhaps our most precious heritage to hand on to younger and newer Australians a nation of people who care for and look out for each other. It is impossible to confirm the accuracy of Cosgroves stereotype. Certainly not all Australians volunteer to fight fires, guard beaches, join the army, work in a Salvation Army store, or pick up rubbish. However, even though a stereotype may not be true in practice, it may be true in myth and for this reason belief in the stereotype is a fact in itself. Also, when evoked in certain circumstances, the stereotype can become a self-fulfilling prophecy. Individuals who believe it may conform to the positive social identity that the stereotype encourages. A myth of behaviour can then become a fact of behaviour. In other words, the stereotype becomes a guide about how to act and adjusts people in the process. Because individuals often act in conformity with stereotypes, advertisers often define stereotypes in the hope that the target audience will conform to them. For example, the lamb industry has often promoted the stereotype that there is something very Australian about eating lamb, (sheep are actually eaten all over the world. ) The campaign has been picked up by other businesses, such as McDonalds, which has also exploited the stereotype that as well as eating lamb, Australians put beetroot on hamburgers. For McDonalds, the stereotypes help build a localised rapport that makes the fast food chain appear less generic. Vegemite is another product that is stereotyped as something that true Australians consume. Compared to lamb, it is perhaps a better product to create the Australian stereotype because it is a uniquely Australian product (made from beer yeast) and most people from other countries can’t stand it.

Inside the Cuckoos Nest Essay -- Film

One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is a film directed by Czech Milos Forman in 1975. Using potent elements of fiction--characters, conflict, and symbolism--Forman illustrates the counterculture of the 1960’s. This film depicts American society as an insane asylum that demands conformity from its citizens. The film begins with a conniving convict being assigned to the asylum. R. P. McMurphy is sent to the asylum to be evaluated by the doctors and to determine whether or not he is mentally ill. He is unaware that he will be supervised by an emasculating woman named Nurse Mildred Ratched who watches the patients’ every motion from her nurse’s station. R.P. McMurphy is a lively, rebellious, and rational patient that has recently been escorted into the insane asylum. Once in the bin, Randle becomes the self-proclaimed champion of the rights of the other ward patients, his adversary being Nurse Ratched (New York Times). He scrutinizes the asylum and the patients deciding that he needs to lighten the atmosphere. According to Filmsite, Movie Review McMurphy encourages the patients to participate in activities that will heighten their spirits and change their monotonous routines. McMurphy decides to challenge Nurse Ratched when he notices that the patients of the ward are overly organized and controlled through a rigid set of authoritarian rules and regulations that McMurphy questions: â€Å"God Almighty, she’s got you guys comin’ or goin’. What do you think she is, some kind of champ or somethin’?†--- â€Å"I bet in one week, I can put a bug so far up her ass, she don’t know whether to sâ€⠀t or wind her wrist watch† (OFOTCN). Entertainment Weekly implies that McMurphy is unwilling to surrender to Nurse Ratched’s belittling power and rebels against corr... ...ok place in America all have one thing in common with the film: they are filled with people who have had enough and had a leader willing to take leadership towards making that change. McMurphy represents that leader as his sacrifice made way for the others to find freedom. Works Cited Canby, Vincent. "nytimes.com." The New York Times. 20 November 1975. The New York Times Company. 5 April 2012. â€Å"Filmsite Movie Review: â€Å"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest.†. Filmsite.org. American Movie Classics Company. 2012. Web 12 March 2012. Movie Reviews: â€Å"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest.† Rogerebert.com. Chicago Sun-Times Media Company. Web 3 April 2012. Nashawaty, Chris. â€Å"Cuckoo’s Nest Turns 35.† Entertainment Weekly 1120/1121 (2010): 128. MAS Ultra School Edition. Web. 5 Apr. 2012 One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. Dir. Milos Forman. Warner Brothers, 1975 Film.

Dependency Theory Essay

Modernization theory is a theory used to explain the process of Modernization within societies. The theory looks at the internal factors of a country while assuming that with assistance â€Å"traditional countries can be brought to development in the same manner more developed countries have. This theory of modernization however failed because it can be argued that it was too Eurocentric in its methodologies. That is to say its centered focus was on Europe or European peoples. The theory never considered the Caribbean region or other third world when explaining its concepts. This resulted in a paradigm shift from Modernization to Dependency. The Dependency theory was established to provide the scholarly community with a different way of understanding the circumstances of the non-industrial countries of the world. According to Osvaldo Sunkel, dependency theory can be sociologically defined as an explanation of the economic development of a state in terms of the external influences, political, economic and cultural on national development policies. Therefore this essay would take seek to explain the advantages and limitations of the central new insight that is provided about development by the Dependency theory. One advantage of the Dependency theory is that the theory arose around 1960 as a reaction to some earlier theories of development which held that all societies progress through similar stages of development, that today’s underdeveloped areas are thus in a similar situation to that of today’s developed areas at some time in the past, and that therefore the task in helping the underdeveloped areas out of poverty is to accelerate them along this supposed common path of development, by various means such as investment, technology transfers, and closer integration into the world market. Dependency theory rejected this view, arguing that underdeveloped countries are not merely primitive versions of developed countries, but have unique features and structures of their own; and, importantly, are in the situation of being the weaker members in a world market economy, whereas the developed nations were never in an analogous position; they never had to exist in relation to a bloc of more powerful countries than themselves. Dependency theorists argued, in opposition to free market economists, that underdeveloped countries needed to reduce their connectedness with the world market so that they can pursue a path more in keeping with their own needs, less dictated by external pressures. Prebisch, an Argentine economist at the United Nations Commission for Latin America (UNCLA), went on to conclude that the underdeveloped nations must employ some degree of protectionism in trade if they were to enter a self-sustaining development path. Another advantage the Dependency theory provided about development is that it explains the reasons why the lesser developed countries are the way they are. The lack of development within the third world rest within the first world. Advocates of the Dependency theory agree that only substantial reform of the world capitalist system and a distribution of assets will free third world countries from poverty cycles and enable development to occur. Measures that the third countries could take would include the elimination of world debt and the introduction of global taxes such as the Tobin Tax. This tax on foreign exchange transactions, named after its proponent, the American Economist, James Tobin, would generate large revenues that could be used to pay off debt or fund development projects. Also these third world countries could try to eliminate themselves from world debt by trying to stop depending on the financial institutions for loans. These third world countries believe that they are benefiting the country by taking loans from these institutions to support themselves economically. However, what these third world countries don’t realise is that these institutions are developed to make them take loans and go into more debt where they would have no other alternative but to depend on the first world for assistance, thus, leading to dependency and by extension further underdevelopment. For instance, Dominant first world countries have such a technological and industrial advantage that they can ensure the global economic system works in their own self-interest. Organisations such as the World Bank, the IMF and the WTO have agendas that benefit the firms, and consumers of primarily the first world. Freeing up world trade, one of the main aims of the WTO, benefits the wealthy nations that are most involved in world trade. Creating a level playing field for all countries assumes that all countries have the necessary equipment to be able to play. For the world’s poor this is often not the case. The third-world debt crisis of the 1980s and continued stagnation in Africa and Latin America in the 1990s caused some doubt as to the feasibility or desirability of â€Å"dependent development†. Vernengo (2004) has suggested that the sine qua non of the dependency relationship is not the difference in technological sophistication, as traditional dependency theorists believe, but rather the difference in financial strength between core and peripheral countries – particularly the inability of peripheral countries to borrow in their own currency. He believes that the hegemonic position of the United States is very strong because of the importance of its financial markets and because it controls the international reserve currency – the US dollar. He believes that the end of the Bretton Woods international financial agreements in the early 1970s considerably strengthened the United States’ position because it removed some constraints on their financial actions. Although there are various advantages of the new central insight that is provided for the explanation of development, there are also some limitations. One of these limitations is that, the Dependency theory is a way of explaining economic underdevelopment outside of such industrially advanced parts of the world as North America and Europe. According to dependency theory, the politico-economic advantages of more technologically advanced countries are based on the disadvantages to countries that are and remain less developed. Critics of the theory claim that such an outlook is fatalistic, historically inaccurate, and simplistic. For example, parts of Africa, Asia, and South America are considered disadvantaged and underdeveloped. Yet all three areas previously were the locations of ancient civilizations of great cultural, economic, philosophical, political and social achievements. Dependency theory doesn’t come up with convincing arguments to account for how these areas fell by the wayside, and why areas in Europe and North America took the lead. The Dependency theory explains how the countries are the way they are but they did not explain why and how they got that way. The theory just labelled these three countries as less developed because of their relationship with the more developed countries, it did not explain why is it that Europe and North America was able to develop and why is it Africa, Asia and South America wasn’t able to develop and how they lost their cultural, economic, philosophical, political and social achievements while North America was able to keep theirs and be considered first world countries. Another disadvantage of the Dependency theory is that doesn’t have all of its convincing points in order to relate to the theory’s implied invulnerability of development and simultaneous vulnerability of underdevelopment. In other words, it emphasizes the importance of external forces on underdeveloped countries and minimizes the role of internal motivations within those very same countries. In most instances it is because of these third world countries internal forces they are underdeveloped. The reason for this because of the country’s small size it causes them to be vulnerable towards the first world dependence. Along with this, it can also be seen that most third world countries contain a high level of corruption which causes them to be in the situation that they are presently in. Advanced democracies like the UK, USA, Canada and Australia have virile electorates, media and criminal justice systems to combat corruption. But Third World political and civil institutions are weaker, and in effect license corruption with impunity, thus allowing corruption within these countries to become effortlessly available. Along with this the Dependency theory likewise locks countries into a hierarchy of world leaders in which once an underdeveloped country, always an underdeveloped country. And the previous faults quickly become glaring when the dependency theorist tries to account for politico-economic changes within the Russian Federation, certain Middle Eastern countries, India, and China, to name a few. In the final analysis, it can be seen that there was a paradigm shift from the Modernisation theory to the Dependency theory in explaining development. The Development theory provided the scholarly community with a different way of understanding the circumstances of the non-industrial countries of the world. Dependency Theory is in large part a theory of development in the third world, it seek to provide explanations for third world development and explanations that the Modernisation theory failed to give. Like any other theory, the Dependency theory has its advantages and limitations. One of its strengths is its recognition that from the beginning, capitalism developed as a multinational system. Dependency Theory therefore spends its time on the question, â€Å"how can we have a development in the periphery that more resembles that at the core?† Or a more charitable account, if the core-periphery link is broken, can we have development in the periphery that has some or all of the elements that we identified as desirable in the core? BIBLIOGRAPHY Amin, S. â€Å"Accumulation and Development: a Theoretical Model† Review of African Political Economy HC501 R46. Gunder Frank, A. Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America. HC165 F828 C1 1969. The Latin American Periphery in the Global System of Capitalism†, 1981, UNCLA Review Prebisch, R. Change and Development. 1976 t. HC125 P922 C4. R. H. Chilcote Development Theory and Practice: Latin American Perspectives, Lanham, Rowman and Littlefield, 2003 Sunkel O. (1966), ‘The Structural Background of Development Problems in Latin America’ Weltwirtschaftliches. Vernengo M. â€Å"Technology, Finance and Dependency: Latin American Radical Political Economy in Retrospect†, Working Paper No: 2004-06, University of Utah Dept. of Economics, 2004, p 5; retrieved July 2009.

Sample – Report Writing

Sample Report A Formal Report Sample Reports A FORMAL REPORT THE EFFECTS OF STRESS ON BUSINESS EMPLOYEES AND PROGRAMS OFFERED BY EMPLOYERS TO MANAGE EMPLOYEE STRESS Prepared for Dr. Robert J. Olney Southwest Texas State University Prepared by Charles Dishinger Nancy Howard Bill Kiagler Sherry Seabrooke Donna Tucker November 29, 20– S-29 Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Sample Reports ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. iii LIST OF FIGURES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ vABSTRACT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ SECTION I INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Statement of the Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Significance of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Scope of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Review of Related Literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Methods of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Source of Data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦. l S-30 Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. iv 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 Sample Reports iii LIST OF TABLES Table 1.Programs Offered by Employers to Manage Stress †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ S-31 Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Page 8 Sample Reports iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Age Distribution of Respondents †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2. Negative Effects of Stress on Work Performance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ S-32 6 7 Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Sample Reports v Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effects of stress on employees and the methods employers use to manage employees' stress.It was limited to the perceptions of Central Texas business employees, who were selected using a nonprobability, convenience sampling method. A questionnaire consisting of three parts was used to collect primary data. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted using simple statistical techniques. The findings of the data indicated that the areas found to be most negatively affected by stress were j ob satisfaction/morale, courtesy, creativity, and productivity. In addition, personal appearance and absenteeism were listed as the areas least affected by stress. According to the results of the tudy, employers today are offering a wide variety of needed programs to manage the stress of their employees. One of the main conclusions drawn from the study was that stress does negatively affect the work performance of employees. Therefore, stress is not just an individual issue but an issue that must be addressed by both the employer and the employee; the work performance areas negatively affected have a direct effect on the company as a whole. S-33 Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Sample Reports The Effects of Stress on Business Employees nd Programs Offered by Employers to Manage Employee Stress Section I Introduction to the Study Introduction Today, many organizations and employees are experiencing the effects of stress on work performance. The effects of stress can be either positive or negative. What is perceived as positive stress by one person may be perceived as negative stress by another, since everyone perceives situations differently. According to Barden (2001), negative stress is becoming a major illness in the work environment, and it can debilitate employees and be costly to employers.Managers need to identify those suffering from negative stress and implement programs as a defense against stress. These programs may reduce the impact stress has on employees' work performance. Statement of the Problem The purpose of this study was to determine the negative effects of stress on employees and the methods employers use to manage employees' stress. Significance of the Study There are three primary groups that may benefit from this study. The first group, consisting of employees in today's business organizations, may learn to identify ways that stress negatively affects their work performance.Identifying the negative effects ma y enable them to take necessary action to cope with stress. By sharing this knowledge, employees can act as a vehicle to help management implement appropriate stress reduction programs. The second group that may benefit from this study is employers who may gain insight as to how stress is actually negatively affecting S-34 Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Sample Reports 2 employees’ work performance. Finally, educators can use these findings as a valuable guide to incorporate into their curriculum.By emphasizing to students the importance of developing programs to deal with stress, the students may be able to transfer this knowledge to the workplace, thereby improving the quality of the work environment. Scope of the Study This study was limited to the perceptions of full-time business employees as to the negative effects that stress has on work performance and the steps that employers are taking to manage stress. For the purpose of this study, wh at constitutes full-time employment is defined by the employer. This study was restricted to businesses operating in the Central Texas area.The Central Texas area encompasses all communities within Hays, Kendall, Travis, and Williamson counties. For the purpose of this study, stress is defined as disruptive or disquieting influences that negatively affect an individual in the workplace. Data for this study were collected during the fall of 2002. Review of Related Literature Barden (2001), a freelance writer specializing in health care and a former managing editor of Commerce and Health, stated the importance of wellness programs and gave specific examples of corporations that are successfully implementing such rograms. The Morrison Company currently saves $8. 33 for every dollar spent on wellness by offering programs such as weight loss, exercise, and back care. Axon Petroleum estimates that wellness programs will save $1. 6 million each year in health care costs for its 650 employe es. In addition to Morrison and Axon Petroleum, Barden cited the savings for six other companies. According to the Wellness Bureau of America, the success of these companies offers concrete proof that wellness programs pay off by lowering health care costs, reducing absenteeism, and increasing productivity.Foster (2002), a professional speaker on stress-management, surveyed midlevel managers and found stress to be a major determinant in worker productivity. According to the study, the primary areas affected by stress are employee morale, absenteeism, and decision making abilities. By recognizing that a problem exists and by addressing the issue, managers can reduce stressful activities and increase worker performance in the business organization. Harrold and Wayland (2002) reported that increasing stress affects morale, productivity, organizational efficiency, absenteeism, and profitability for both individuals and the organization.The problem for businesses today is knowing how S-3 5 Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Sample Reports 3 to determine stressful areas in their organizations and how to use constructive confrontation methods to reduce stress and improve efficiency. According to the authors, organizations that make a positive effort to deal with stress not only help build trust among their employees, but also increase the productivity of their employees and the organization as a whole. Maurer (2002) stated that stress-induced illnesses are prevalent in the workplace today, and stress is the problem of the sufferer and the employer.Stress causes absenteeism and can lead to other problems such as drug addiction, alcoholism, depression, and poor job performance. According to Maurer, the annual Barlow Corporation Forum on Human Resource Issues and Trends reported that large numbers of companies noticed severe levels of stress exhibited by employees. The forum's panelists agreed that more needed to be done in the workplace to hel p employees manage stress. Some of the suggestions were to expand wellness programs, offer stress-management seminars, and teach staff how to balance work and family life.Maurer also noted that Olympic TeamTech, a computer management company, has dealt with employee stress by providing training programs, monitoring employee concerns, and meeting once a month to be proactive instead of reactive. Olympic TeamTech's turnover is less than the industry average. Schorr (2001), a stress-management consultant, stated that stress causes problems in the workplace which negatively affect employee health and organizational productivity. Stress can lead to problems such as job dissatisfaction, alcoholism, absenteeism, physical ailments, and poor job performance.If managers know how to prevent and cope with stress, productivity can be increased. Many companies instituted stress-management programs that led to a decline in absenteeism, a decrease in sickness and accident costs, and/or an increase in job performance. Schorr reported that a stress inventory, available from a stress-management program, can assist executives and managers in assessing employee stress. The inventory can identify the sources of stress, which may include physical elements as well as other factors.Once these sources have been assessed, the program can provide the necessary skills for coping with the problems, and participants can learn that there are alternative ways of reacting to stress. Methods of the Study Source of Data Data for this study were collected using a questionnaire developed by a group of students at Southwest Texas State University. The questionnaire was divided into S-36 Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Sample Reports 4 three parts. Part one consisted of a list of 15 work performance areas that may be negatively affected by a person's level of stress.Respondents were asked to indicate whether stress increased, decreased, or had not changed their work per formance in each area. They were also asked to indicate from the list of 15 work performance areas the area that was the most negatively affected by stress and the area that was the least negatively affected by stress. In the second part of the questionnaire, a list of 17 programs was provided and the respondents were asked to indicate which programs their companies had implemented to manage stress. Part three was designed to collect demographic data for a respondent profile, including full-time employee classification and age group.A copy of the questionnaire is contained in Appendix A on page 12. Sample Selection The respondents involved in this survey were employees working in companies located in Central Texas. A nonprobability, convenience sampling technique was used to collect primary data. Each member of the research team was responsible for distributing three questionnaires to members of the sample. To ensure confidentiality, respondents were given self-addressed, stamped en velopes in which to return their completed questionnaires to Southwest Texas State University. Controls were used to eliminate duplication of the esponses. Statistical Methods Simple statistical techniques were used to tabulate the results of this study. The primary data were analyzed using a percent of response. To compute the percent of response, the number of responses to each choice was divided by the total number of respondents who answered the question. In question one, the percents of responses for the negative effects of stress on the 15 work performance areas were reported. The results of the next two questions were tabulated by totaling the number of respondents who chose an area they believed was least or most affected by stress.The fourth question reported the percent of respondents whose employers offered the listed programs to manage stress. Questions five and six asked the respondents to indicate if they were considered full-time employees and to indicate their age gr oup. Limitations of the Study This study may be limited through the use of a questionnaire as a data collection instrument. Because questionnaires must generally be brief, areas that may have been affected by stress may not have been included in the questionnaire. S-37 Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Sample Reports Also, all programs that may be available to employees for managing stress may not have been included in the study. The study may also be limited by the use of a nonprobability, convenience sampling method. The sample of business employees for the study was chosen for convenience and may not be representative of the total population of business employees. Care should be taken when generalizing these findings to the entire population. Finally, the use of simple statistical techniques may introduce an element of subjectivity into the interpretation and analysis of the data.All attempts have been made to minimize the effects of these limitations on the study. S-38 Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Sample Reports 6 Section II Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations Introduction This study was designed to determine the effects of stress on employees and to discover methods employers use to manage employees' stress. Sixty questionnaires were distributed to business employees in the Central Texas area, and the response rate was 78. 3%. This section includes the Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations. FindingsThe findings will be presented in three sections according to the following characteristics: Demographic Profile, Areas of Job Performance Affected by Stress, and Programs Employers Offer Employees to Manage Stress. Demographic Profile All returned responses from the sample were considered full-time employees by their employers. The respondents were also asked to indicate their age group; all age ranges were represented in the results, as shown in Figure 1. The breakdown consisted of 2. 1% under the age of 20, 33. 7% between 20 and 29, 29. 4% between the ages of 30 and 39, 26. % between 40 and 49, 5. 4% between 50 and 59, and 3. 3% were 60 and over. AGE GROUP 5 1 — Less than 20 1 6 2. 1% S-39 Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 26. 1% 5 — 50 to 59 Figure 1: Age Distribution of Respondents 29. 4% 4 — 40 to 49 3 33. 7% 3 — 30 to 39 2 4 2 — 20 to 29 5. 4% 6 — 60 or over 3. 3% Sample Reports 7 Areas of Job Performance Affected by Stress The respondents were given a list of work performance areas that might be affected by stress and were asked to identify whether stress increased, decreased, or had no change on their work performance.Only respondents who indicated stress negatively affected an area were considered in these findings. Of the 15 areas listed, four areas were identified as having a response rate of more than 50. 0%. These areas were as follows: job satisfaction/morale (73. 9%), courtesy (65. 2%), accuracy (52. 7%), and creativity (51. 6%). Similarly, Schorr (2001) stated that a significant number of employees' creativity is negatively affected by stress. Also, Harrold and Wayland (2002) agreed that morale is strongly affected by stress. Falling within the range of a 30. 0 to 50. 0% response rate were cooperation (49. %), organizational skills (46. 3%), initiative (45. 2%), productivity (42. 8%), alertness (39. 4%), decision making abilities (39. 1%), and perseverance (35. 5%). Harrold and Wayland (2002) established that increasing stress and anxiety are having a negative influence on an individual's organizational efficiency and productivity. The findings that negatively affect work performance are shown in Figure 2. Figure 2: Negative Effects of Stress on Work Performance 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 S-40 10 42. 8% 73. 9% 39. 1% 52. 7% 51. 6% 28. 0% 46. 3% 65. 2% 20 30 40 ProductivityJob Satisfaction/Morale Decision Making Abilities Accuracy Creativity Attentio n to Appearance Organizational Skills Courtesy Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 50 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 60 49. 5% 45. 2% 26. 6% 39. 4% 35. 5% 25. 8% 28. 3% 70 Cooperation Initiative Reliability Alertness Perseverance Tardiness Absenteeism 80 Sample Reports 8 Central Texas employees indicated the area they believed was most affected by stress and the area they believed was least affected by stress. According to the results, job satisfaction and productivity were thought to be most affected by stress.On the other end of the scale, areas least affected by stress were personal appearance and absenteeism. However, Schorr's (2001) study found that, on the average, individuals experiencing stress are more inclined to be absent or tardy. Programs Employers Offer Employees to Manage Stress Question four listed 17 programs offered by employers for managing stress. Respondents were asked to indicate which programs their companies had implemented to manage stress. Th e responses for each program are shown in Table 1. Table 1: Programs Offered by Employers to Manage Stress.TYPE OF PROGRAM Insurance RESPONSES 72% Breaks Educational Assistance/Reimbursement 51. 0% Access for Disabled 42. 6% Alternate Schedule 34. 0% Employee Assistance Programs 34. 0% Wellness Programs 34. 0% Flextime 29. 8% Stress Management Seminars 29. 8% Training Programs 29. 8% Piped Music 17. 2% Assigned Parking 17. 0% Employee Empowerment Programs 17. 0% Ergonomically Correct Furniture 17. 0% Financial Counseling 8. 5% On-Site/Assistance with Child Care S-41 69. 2% 4. 3% Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Sample Reports 9Insurance received the highest number of responses (72. 0%), whereas, therapy received the lowest (2. 1%). Playing classical music and creating a comfortable work environment were found by Foster (2002) to be low cost stress reduction programs. Although these are inexpensive programs to implement, a relatively small response rate w as given for piped music (17. 2%) and ergonomically correct furniture (17. 0%). Maurer (2002) stated that it is necessary for companies to design programs that enable employees to assess stressful situations and develop a rational mode of behavior.In contrast to Maurer's research, only 17. 0% of the respondents indicated that Employee Empowerment Programs are being offered by their employer. A response rate of 34. 0% in the category of wellness programs/on-site fitness facilities was obtained. Barden (2001) reported programs that improve an individual's physical condition are both a positive and an effective method of managing stress. The remaining methods for managing stress were varied. Listed in decreasing percentages, they are as follows: breaks (69. 2%), educational assistance/ reimbursement (51. %), access for disabled (42. 6%), alternative schedules (34. 0%), Employee Assistance Programs (34. 0%), Wellness Programs (34. 0%) flextime (29. 8%), stress management seminars/classe s (29. 8%), training programs (29. 8%), assigned parking (17. 0%), financial counseling (8. 5%), and on-site/assistance with child care (4. 3%). Conclusions On the basis of the findings, several conclusions concerning the effects of stress on Central Texas business employees can be drawn. The findings of this study indicated stress does negatively affect the work performance of employees.Job satisfaction and productivity were indicated as two areas most affected by work-related stress. Therefore, stress cannot be considered just an individual issue because reduced job satisfaction and lower productivity has a direct effect on the company as a whole. From this study, it can be concluded that employers have realized the importance of managing stress in the workplace because of the wide variety of programs now offered to manage stress. Of all the programs offered by employers, insurance is the most frequently offered means for managing stress.Because insurance acts as a security net fo r employees and is offered the most, it can be inferred that employers contend that insurance is the most effective means for managing stress. S-42 Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Sample Reports 10 Recommendations Based on the findings and conclusions in this study, the following recommendations are made: 1. 2. Employers should conduct a survey of the programs they already offer to discover which programs are the most effective for managing their employees' stress. 3.Employees should share their ideas for managing stress with their employers in order to help their employers implement appropriate stress reduction programs. 4. Educators should incorporate into their business curriculum discussions of stress in the workplace and ways to manage stress. 5. S-43 Employers should offer various stress reduction programs to help employees manage stress because stress is prevalent in the workplace. Additional research should be done. First, other areas negatively affected by stress should be studied to determine if stress affects other aspects of an employee's life.In addition, other factors should be examined to learn what the personal and work-related causes and symptoms of stress are for an individual. Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Sample Reports 11 Bibliography Barden, Nancy Ray. â€Å"Wellness Programs: Everyone Wins. † Commerce and Health, November 2001, 28–42. Foster, Lucy Barnes. â€Å"Workplace Stress: Changing the Pattern. † Sales and Marketing Journal (2002), 32–33. Harrold, Robert and Wayland, Michael. â€Å"New Methods to Reduce Workplace Stress. † Industrial Concepts, June 2002, 19–21. Maurer, Marcia K. Is Stress Running Your Life? † Modern Office Innovation, February 2002, 27–28. Schorr, Leslie. â€Å"Coping with Stress, Boosting Productivity. † Employment News, Spring 2001, 23–26. S-44 Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Sample Reports Appendix A Questionnaire The Effects of Stress on Business Employees Students in the Graduate School of Business at Southwest Texas State University are conducting this survey to determine perceptions of the effects of stress on employees. The survey also is designed to determine efforts employers are making to help employees manage stress.Please return this questionnaire in the enclosed postage-paid envelope by Friday, November 8. 1. How does stress most often affect you at work? Please mark one response per line. AREA AFFECTED Productivity Job Satisfaction/Morale Absenteeism Decision Making Abilities Accuracy Creativity Attention to Personal Appearance Organizational Skills Courtesy Cooperation Initiative Reliability Alertness Perseverance T di S-45 Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. INCREA SE DECREA SE NO CHANGE Sample Reports 13 2.Which one area from question 1 do you believe is most affected by stress? 3. Which one area from question 1 do you believe is least affected by stress? 4. Which of the following means for managing stress does your employer offer? Please mark all that apply. __ Employee Assistance Program On-Site/Assistance with Child Care Assigned Parking Employee Empowerment Programs Educational Assistance/Reimbursement Breaks Wellness Program/On-Site Fitness Facility Financial Counseling Access for Disabled Stress Management Seminars/Classes Training Programs TherapyAlternative Schedules (part-time, time off for family, etc. ) Flextime Piped Music Ergonomically Correct Furniture Insurance (security net for employee/family) Other (please specify) Note: Questions 5 and 6 are included in this questionnaire as a means of developing a demographic profile of our respondents. 5. Are you classified as a full-time employee by your employer? Yes 6. No Please check your age group. Less than 20 20 to 29 30 to 39 40 to 49 50 to 59 60 or over Thank you for taking time to help us. We value your i nput. S-46 Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

The childhood of Adolf Hitler The Nativity of Evil essays

The childhood of Adolf Hitler The Nativity of Evil essays Intro: An idea such as killing millions of people to create a more prefect world or sameness throughout the human race is absolutely psychotic and unrealistic. This vision was a fantasy world that no one on the earth would ever live in. Yet there was one man that truly believed in this fantasy. He had a plan, a scheme, sketched out in his head, of how this world would work. Yet the strange thing was that he did not fit in his own perfect world. Many ask how would someone come across this image? How is it possible? This image was created with constant negative influences throughout his life. It began when he was a small boy, since before he acknowledged this visualization. He had this idea, though he had no idea of exactly how it formed. His absurd fantasy was formed from his absurd childhood. Alois Hitler was a firm and often-obstinate man. He had a strong beliefs and opinions. Alois was born in 1837 carrying his Mother's name, Schicklgruber. Later in his life, after accomplishments in the civil service, his haughty uncle wanted him to go by his name, which was Heidler("Hitler" The World Book Encyclopedia 255). When time came for record books, it was spelled as "Hitler", the name that would soon haunt the earth. Alois married his third wife at 52, having fathered three children, soon to be four. One of which, would disgrace and belittle the human race, his name was Adolf Hitler. Adolf's mother, Klara Polzl was born in 1860 and married Alois in 1885 ("Hitler" The World Book Encyclopedia 255). Klara was a tender mother that often showed much affection for her little "Adi". Many believe she cared for Adolf this way because she was in fear of losing her only living child, for she had had a miscarriage before ("The Rise of Hitler" Online). Adolf's stepbrother and stepsister (Edmund soon found a stirring hate for their stepbrother. On May 6, 1895 Adolf enrolled i...

Danielle Steel Book List

Danielle Steel Book List Danielle Steel is one of the most popular romance writers in the world, and also one of the most prolific, having published more than 140 novels since her career began in the early 1970s. Today, the bestselling author works on multiple books at the same time to meet her demanding publishing schedule. Her complete bibliography includes novels, works of nonfiction, and childrens books. 1970s   Amazon The first decade of Steels career was a tumultuous one for her personal life. After her first novel Going Home was published in 1973, she divorced her first husband and married Danny Zugelder, who was imprisoned in California. Her relationship with the inmate inspired her breakthrough books Passions Promise and Now and Forever. Going Home (1973)Passions Promise (1977): Steels first big hit, this novel tells the story of a wealthy socialite who falls in love with an ex-con while moonlighting as a journalist.Now and Forever (1978)The Promise (1978): This book was the first of Steels romance novels to be adapted for the big screen.Season of Passion (1979)Summers End (1979) 1980s Amazon By the early 1980s, Steel was regularly appearing on The New York Times bestseller list. In 1981, she married her fourth husband, winemaker John Traina, with whom she had five children. The Ring (1980)Palomino (1981)To Love Again (1981)Remembrance (1981)Loving (1981)Once in a Lifetime (1982)Crossings (1982): Set during the outbreak of World War II, this novel was made into a miniseries in 1986.A Perfect Stranger (1983)Thurston House (1983): This novel tells the story of a wealthy businessman who builds a mansion in San Francisco. For many years, Steel herself lived in a historic mansion in San Francisco.Changes (1983)Full Circle (1984)Family Album (1985): A story of female empowerment, Family Album follows the career of Faye Price, a Hollywood actress who becomes one of the industrys first female directors. The book was made into a TV miniseries in 1994.Secrets (1985)Wanderlust (1986)Fine Things (1987)Kaleidoscope (1987)Zoya (1988): This historical romance tells the story of a Russian countess who falls in love with an American soldier in Paris. The novel later explores the history of the Great Depression and World War II.Star (1989) Daddy (1989) 1990s Amazon The 1990s was Steels most productive decade yet. To maintain her grueling schedule, Steel slept very little, often working on her books late at night after her children had gone to bed. Message from Nam (1990): Described by Publishers Weekly as an unusual departure from Steels previous work, Message from Nam follows a journalist covering the war in Vietnam. He finds unexpected romance in Saigon.Heartbeat (1991)No Greater Love (1991)Jewels (1992)Mixed Blessings (1992)Vanished (1993)Accident (1994)The Gift (1994): This novel, which spent 12 weeks on the Publishers Weekly bestseller list, is one of Steels biggest hits. It tells the story of a high school girl who is sent away after she becomes pregnant on prom night.Wings (1994)Lightning (1995)Five Days in Paris (1995)Malice (1996)Silent Honor (1996): Another historical work, Silent Honor tells the story of a young Japanese woman living in California in the early 1940s. She faces prejudice from her neighbors after Pearl Harbor is bombed.The Ranch (1997)Special Delivery (1997)The Ghost (1997)The Long Road Home (1998)The Klone and I (1998): Inspired by an inside joke with her future husband, The Klone and I wades into sc ience fiction territory. The book is a tale of mistaken identity involving a human clone. His Bright Light (1998): One of Steels few works of nonfiction, His Bright Light is the story of her son Nick Traina and his struggles with manic depression. The illness led to the boys death at the age of 19.Mirror Image (1998)Bittersweet (1999)Irresistible Forces (1999) 2000s Amazon In 2002, Steel divorced her fifth husband, Silicon Valley businessman Thomas James Perkins. While continuing to produce several novels a year, she opened an art gallery in San Francisco and contributed to efforts to improve mental health among adolescents. The Wedding (2000): The Wedding is a story of love among the glitz and glamor of the Los Angeles elite.The House on Hope Street (2000)Journey (2000)Lone Eagle (2001)Leap of Faith (2001)The Kiss (2001)The Cottage (2002)Sunset in St. Tropez (2002)Answered Prayers (2002)Dating Game (2003)Johnny Angel (2003)Safe Harbour (2003)Ransom (2004): Unlike most of Steels previous books, Ransom is not a romance. The book is a white-knuckle thriller involving a kidnapped child.Second Chance (2004)Echoes (2004)Impossible (2005)Miracle (2005)Toxic Bachelors (2005): Told from the point of view of three different men, Toxic Bachelors is a story of wealth and privilege. Over the course of the novel, unexpected events transform their love lives forever.The House (2006)Coming Out (2006)H.R.H. (2006)Sisters (2007): This novel focuses on four highly successful career women who must return home to care for their father after their mother is killed in a car crash. Bungalow 2 (2007)Amazing Grace (2007): Set in San Francisco, Amazing Grace tells the story of four strangers brought together by a natural disaster. Along the way, they learn important lessons about love and family.Honor Thyself (2008)Rogue (2008)A Good Woman (2008)One Day at a Time (2009)Matters of the Heart (2009)Southern Lights (2009) 2010s   Amazon Now in her fifth decade of publishing, Steel has become even more prolific, producing as many as seven books a year. Her novels continue to be bestsellers, and they have been translated into more than 40 languages. Big Girl (2010)Family Ties (2010)Legacy (2010)44 Charles Street (2011)Happy Birthday (2011)Hotel Vendome (2011)Betrayal (2012)Friends Forever (2012)The Sins of the Mother (2012)A Gift of Hope (2012)Until the End of Time (2013)First Sight (2013)Winners (2013)Pure Joy: The Dogs We Love (2013)Power Play (2014)A Perfect Life (2014)Pegasus (2014)Prodigal Son (2015)Country (2015)Undercover (2015): A tale of romance and espionage, Undercover was partially inspired by the Patty Hearst kidnapping.​Precious Gifts (2015)Blue (2016)Property of a Noblewoman (2016)The Apartment (2016)Magic (2016)Rushing Waters (2016)The Award (2016)The Mistress (2017)Dangerous Games (2017): A political thriller and romance, this book follows a reporter investigating the U.S. vice president. The book reached No. 2 on The New York Times bestseller list.Against All Odds (2017)The Duchess (2017)The Right Time (2017)Past Perfect (2017)Fairytale (2017)In His Fathers Footsteps (2018) Fall from Grace (2018): A New York Times bestseller, Fall from Grace is the story of a privileged woman who loses everything after the sudden death of her wealthy husband. The book shows the challenges she faces as she rebuilds her life.The Cast (2018)The Good Fight (2018)Accidental Heroes (2018): A bestselling thriller, Accidental Heroes begins with the appearance of a strange postcard on a cross-country flight to San Francisco. An off-duty pilot and a flight attendant work together to solve the mystery.Beauchamp Hall (2018)Turning Point (2019)Silent Night (2019)Blessing in Disguise (2019)Lost and Found (2019)The Dark Side (2019)Childs Play (2019)Spy (2019) Childrens Books Amazon Steel first began publishing childrens books in the 1980s with her Max and Martha series. Since then, she has written the Freddie series and a collection of picture books. 1989: Marthas New Daddy1989: Max and the Babysitter1989: Marthas Best Friend1989: Maxs Daddy Goes to the Hospital1989: Maxs New Baby1989: Marthas New School1990: Max Runs Away1990: Marthas New Puppy1991: Max and Grandma and Grampa Winky1991: Martha and Hilary and the Stranger1992: Freddies Trip1992: Freddies First Night Away1992: Freddie and the Doctor2009: The Happiest Hippo in the World (picture book)2014:  Pretty Minnie in Paris (picture book)2016: Pretty Minnie in Hollywood  (picture book)

See the pix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

See the pix - Essay Example Among the two leaders, Saito used forceful tactics over Colonel Nicholson. In management studies, there are autocratic leaders who often think that they can get their orders through with force (Gardener, 2003). This is exactly the tactics that Saito employed over Nicholson when he slapped Nicholson with a copy of the Geneva Convention that Nicholson was criticizing him with. On the part of Nicholson, his tactics was that of logical intuition whereby he played on the logical reasoning of Saito when he refused release from the oven by Clipton. The individual influence tactics used by the two leaders on their dependants was not different from what they used against themselves. Saito in all means stamped his authority through force whiles Nicholson was more gentle and logical with his dependants. An evidence of this was when Nicholson agreed to the building of the bridge on what could be described as a humanitarian grounds than on a leadership grounds. It is not surprising therefore that Nicholson had a simple aim of completing the bridge as an example of the ingenuity and hard work of his Army. As for Saito, all he was seeking to avoid was the looming seppuku. On a personal ground, Saito wanted to avoid seppuku and on organizational grounds, he wanted to show his supremacy over his people. On the part of Colonel Nicholson, his personal goal was to exemplify the unique gift of creativity and hard work with which the British Army worked. This goal was set despite the fact that he was indeed working to favor the Japanese more than the British. On an organizational ground, his goal was to ensure evenness and allow the full rigors of the law to operate. In leadership and management studies, leaders’ behaviors are influenced by the goals and vice versa. Leaders who want to be autocratic often have a hardened behavior that gives little room for other people to express themselves. Clearly, the evidence of this was seen in the

Global Business Environment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global Business Environment - Term Paper Example most popular brands of the global beverage industry belong to Coca-Cola company: ‘Coke, Fanta, Sprite, Dasani, Powerade, Schweppes, Fuze Tea and so on’ (Coca-Cola, Organizational Website, Our Company, Brands). In other words, all products of Coca-Cola are refreshment drinks being differentiated as of their ingredients. Coca-Cola has published a Code of Conduct on which the activities of the firm in the global market are based. Among the issues addressed in the particular Code emphasis should be given to three, being considered as having a critical role in business success: ‘Anti-Bribery, Dealing with Customers, Suppliers and Consumers and Dealing with Competitors’ (Coca-Cola, Code of Conduct, p.1). These issues have been chosen for the following reasons: a) Anti-Bribery reflects the opposition of the company to any attempt for securing the support of the government by offering money or other benefits, such as the use of the company’s assets and so on; Bribery is a severe problem for business activities worldwide; the response of the company to this phenomenon should be reviewed in order to understand whether Coca-Cola promotes the respect of its Code of Conduct in practice or not, b) Stakeholders, especially Customers and Suppliers, are of high value for the success of a busine ss; if the interests of stakeholders are not adequately addressed by a firm, then this firm’s profits would be threatened, c) Competition; many firms worldwide have been accused that their success has been resulted because of the violation of the laws related to Competition; it would be important to check the response of Coca-Cola to this issue in order to understand whether the firm’s success has been favored by unethical practices or not. In Nestle’s Code of Conduct the treatment by the firm of its Customers, Suppliers and Consumers is explained in Section No.7 where the alignment of the firm’s activities with the rules of Competition is also explained (Nestle, Code of

Show Dont Tell and Leads and Conclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Show Dont Tell and Leads and Conclusion - Essay Example Showing: Slowly, I browsed through the editorial page of the newspaper. The freshness of the ink and paper began to permeate my nostrils as I let my eyes wander over the lines that initially caught my attention. I felt a bit of agitation from inside me as I quietly read the sharp contrast of the quotes between the Republican and Democratic parties. The Republican reaction appealed more to my logic. They seemed to be created from an impartial reasoning fused with tact and conciseness. In contrast, the Democratic reaction felt as if they were aimed at me personally. That is how offensive they sounded. Original: It was time for the announcement of results. The administrator began announcing the results. Results were being announced in the order of seniority. So my turn was after the announcement of results for the fifth and the fourth grade. It did not take the administration long to announce the result of the senior batches, and it was the turn of third grade. Suddenly, I heard my name. The administrator had requested me to come up to the stage. The speaker had a trophy with a green ribbon on it in his hand. I was stunned, and tottered up to the stage in huge amazement. Oh! It was really for me. I had the time of my life. The silver shine gleamed in the sunlight and was a reflection of my joy. I had stood third. I had a green trophy in my hand. It was the first trophy of my academic career and opened the doors for many more to follow. First conclusion: It was time for the announcement of results. The results were announced in order of seniority. The third grade’s turn came after the announcement of results for the fifth and fourth grade. I know I did not stand a chance for my coveted award. I had been sick for the better part of the school year and my grades suffered a lot. I looked at my parents and saw in my mom’s eyes a look of understanding. She

Theories for Decision Making

Theories for Decision Making Introduction Nowadays, there are different kinds of management techniques among people, especially communicating within a group of people in particular discussion. During the discussion, process in making effective and credible decision is very important in order to draw a result without any conflicts generally. Many people are facing a problem about the usage of group progress, that good and bad decision making may be quite complicated towards some people. Good decision making means that every member will agree with each other in order to work together effectively among their jobs, while bad decision making will be made if people cannot firmly make their decision well and cause vicious effect on their work. Although there are many group members, especially leaders of group try their best to discover more ways to cooperate with colleagues, while conflicts still can be found everywhere due to different viewpoints and ideas are firmly held in someone’s mind (Collin et al., 2012).. However, no matter you are alone, or even being a part of group, your decision making may still be affected as own decision making can be easily affected by group’s opinion. Therefore being a group leader, they should know how to form good decision making, and how to prevent bad decision making during the discussion process. From past to now, many social psychologists have point out that good decision making can be drawn if well-organised and critical thinking should be found in group leaders, even members. In the essay below, some relevant theories and critical explanations will be combined in order to provide an informational discussion on how to making good and bad decision (Busenitz Barney, 1997). Moreover research evidences may also be used in supporting the process for good decision making, and the reason why people may draw such bad decision during discussions. This kind of organisations can provide a critical and informative essay in discussing the procedures within g ood and bad decision making in the group. Path to make good decisions (Relevant Theories) In the past few decades, there are many social psychologists point out that some personal mental behaviours may affect the discussion, especially making decision among team members. Zajonc claim that if there are any appropriate response or arousal, group performance and members can be enhanced (Zajonc, 1965). Therefor the Drive Theory of Social Facilitation (Zajonc, 1965) can welly explain the reason why people would like to generate better decision while group members can provide good environment and decision. Because this kind of way can evaluate apprehension during discussion, in order to reduce conflicts and worries, which can let group members be more relax to make good decision (Seo Barrett, 2007). Being a member in a group, many cases show that they cannot have effective communication among those team members as they will keep holding their own ideas or viewpoints, then it may cause lots of conflicts in arguing for decision making in particular issue. In this situation, facilitators and bystanders are required among disussion in order to provide another viewpoints, which is different from the insiders. According to Bibb Latane and John Darley (1970), People, especially bystanders among the situation may have higher chance to perform better behaviours and make good decision, when they are facing any emergency situation in the society (Latane Darley, 1968). Regarding to the Emergency Norm Theory, bystanders may have higher chance to help other people, which be pointed out that people will be persuaded to aid those needs. In similar, facilitators in a group take the role to identify those problems with a third-person view that may not suffer in any bias. Facilitators should not be directive in any ideas as they should stay outside and provide independent opinion. In the office environment, each team members, or colleagues should work together that without any bias. Then third-person view and special ideas may be made during particular discussion between each other (Bickman, 1971). Therefore people should ensure their own psychological status in order to maintain stable discussion behind conflicts. Before making good decision during a series of discussion, deep understanding of particular discussion topic is very important as pointed out by Kurt Lewin. Lewin said â€Å"You cannot understand a system until you try to change it†, it means that changing of mental and physical behaviour is useful for a team to draw effective and powerful decision among different kinds of conflicts. Moreover leaders who really want to form good decision within their own group, working environment should be well designed because behaviour is a combination of individuals and proper environment, which is proposed by Lewin (Brug et al., 2006). At the beginning of changes or even discussion, separate discussions within subgroups are required as it can provide sufficient spaces for members to discuss their own ideas in order to form a small conclusion. After that proper support and mind setting should be given towards group member or colleagues, therefore they can have more effective ways to mainta in and try their best to have new job or make any decision under harmonious decision making process. In order to provide more effectiveness of their own points of view, those social psychologists have already pay more efforts in generate several research and conduct different experiment to point out their power of theories. Path to make good decision (Relevant Researches) According to Zajonc’s cockroaches experiment which explain the behaviour of a group of cockroaches in tacking different level of tasks, in order to point out the changes of human behaviours during group processing. During the experiment, cockroaches are assigned a simple task and a more difficult task for them to complete while a group cockroaches will need to be do it together. Zajonc (1969) would like to find out whether a group can provide better results in these kinds of task or not. However, Zajonc found out that group of cockroaches can complete a simple tasks under the social facilitation while they cannot complete such difficult tasks in front of their peers under social inhibition (Zajonc et al., 1970). Generally, the basic concepts and usage of theory can be wisely applied into human being as these kinds of behaviours can also be found on a group of people during discussion, especially decision making. Because people would like to perform well in front of other people in order to gain confidence and recognition, however people cannot be compare with cockroaches due to higher intelligence ability can be on human being than that on cockroaches (Zajonc, Wolosin, Wolosin Sherman, 1968). Apart from Zajonc’s studies, Bibb Latene and John Darley (1970) have done an experiment in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of bystander intervention, which means people would like to help others who need helps. In real life situation, people definitely give a helping hand towards people who are suffering in distress, such as destruction caused by natural disasters and problems carried by human disasters. In addition, the experiment have also stated out that fewer people will help others in emergency if the group size become larger. Therefore leaders should prevent oversize of each group, and they may put two to four people in a group, while several subgroups should be used in order to maintain better communication and decision making (Petty et al., 1977). Although Latene and Darley pointed out that increasing in size of group while decreasing in percentage of helps generally, the results generated in experiment may not be suitable to be applied on people nowadays. The r eason is the experiment had been done in 1970s, which may be quite far from past to now, and the situation would not be well to compare with 21st century. People would like to help each other even the group size is greater than 6, such as most of the Hong Kong citizens would like to participate in helping re-construction of destroyed building after disasters, even donation of money, therefore it may not be possible to explain human behaviours nowadays (Latane, B., Darley, J. M., 1968). During the discussion, good decision making will not be the only products among group members, conflicts may be found within insufficient communication and impartial viewpoints of leaders. So bad decision making may be discovered and it has already been explained by several social psychologists with several theories in the past decades. Path to make bad decision (Relevant Theories) First of all, Solomon Asch had also pointed out that people would like to follow the other’s opinion, especially the majority ideas. During the discussion progress, group members are generally compelled by the authority in order to fit their expected results (Laughlin, 1988). In most of cases, team members would try their best to persuade themselves and pretend themselves to agree with the majority opinion, while throw their own personal ideas. This kinds of action stated that the reason why they would like to follow majority decision is they do not want to be such minority, which may be easily shamed by those eye contact from other team members. Therefore leaders should prevent team members agree with each other easily and shortly, as it means that they just follow others ideas and wish to form the results which fit the need of authority (Asch, 1951) In most of the discussion cases, it may be very strange that group members can only spend a few time to conduct their discussion, and decision can be made in such an easy way as they said to leaders. Because of this, good decision cannot be made wisely due to such inappropriate discussion method and it will not able to solve their own problems. As said by Irving Janis (1982), group members may not wish to point out their own ideas as they think that their opinion should fit the need of their leader, even boss. They will only filter such undesirable input in order to give out some results which may be similar to leader’s viewpoint. Within this situation, decision that made by those group members should not be the true opinion from themselves, these kinds of decision are just the expected result of leaders, therefore good and fair decision which are agreed with all members may not able to be made by the whole group (Janis, 1972). During the development of human being, they are born to obey norms, which is given out by any authorities. Stanley Milgram stated out that people will follow the instructions which are told by other people, especially those authorities such as government. Conformism can be the reason why those people would like to obey the rules or even instruction that proposed by other authorities agencies (Milgram, 1978). In the discussion, if the leaders or boss point out that they expect people to perform the particular results and decision, most of the group members would like to follow its information and form that expected decision. It may not be beneficial towards the whole group because decision making do not include any bystanders’ ideas, while the whole progress of decision making is based on the expected opinion from leaders. Therefore pre-decision should not be include in the discussion, even during decision making. Role and Rules are very important among the normal life, especially the situation of discussion and decision making as different people will take responsibility to act as particular role during the discussion. Stanley Zimbardo pointed out that great changes can be found if good people are put into bad environment. And it means that extreme changes in social environment can definitely affect the movement of everyone (Zimbardo et al., 2000). Within the working environment, if there are only a small amount of members who are willing to propose positive and effective ideas towards the group, even company, the proper decision also may not be made as they are being surrounded by those negative ideas. Because of the majority in the group is fulfilling negative mind of the discussion, it will affect the other who have positive ideas. Therefore those subordinate position would be summit to the authority, which is the leader or boss. Regarding to this kind of problems, good decision making should not be found because there will not have proper and non-directive discussion due to the power of such social situation is really affect the disposition of people and all of the members who hold positive idea will be compelled to agree with the majority. Then in order to have better process in making good decision, no matter leaders or boss should put more efforts on enhance colleagues’ attitude. Regarding to explain deeply about the related theories, several social psychologist have already done quite a lot experiment or researches in order to explain their viewpoints wisely. Path to make bad decision (Relevant Researches) In Asch’s research which was conducted in 1955, it can definitely point out that most of the people included in the experiment would like to follow the majority among the decision making within groups. Because they try their best to fit the expected answer that can truly explain with some real life example nowadays, there are still quite a lot of people would like to follow the majority among groups within the society generally. However, this experiment was conducted during the cultural environment of 1950s America, it still had a fluctuated changes in the results when it was applied in different time ranges. Therefore statistics in this experiment cannot be used exactly in 21st century, while its concept and basic information can be wisely apply into the daily life generally. Within both Zimbardo and Milgram’s experiments and researches, they have generally explained the concept of conformity of people. First of all, a large group of people are divided into two subgroups in order to act as guards and prisoners respectively for a period of time. The experiment can definitely point out the role and rules ideas, while heightening anonymity and dehumanization behaviours. However those people who act as prisoners have already been suffered in several kinds of psychological problems after six days, therefore the experiment was forced to be stopped (Zimbardo, Maslach Haney, 2000). Apart from this, Milgram’s shock experiment has stated that people would like to obey other authority, even they know that these kinds of decision may not be appropriate within their own personal mind. Although Milgram’s research pointed out many effective explanation in conformism, criticism can be found in his experiment. In this experiment, Milgram only use a group of American to conduct this shock experiment while it cannot represent the whole population in the world, because there will be a difference among other countries. America and European countries will be much obedience and similar described as Milgram’s result, while Asian and Muslim countries are less obedience as Milgram’s experiment. Both of the researches from Zimbardo and Milgram are very remarkable and supportive in the field of social psychology nowadays. Although some ethical concerns and cross-cultural validity may need to be aware, some ideas and concepts still have their value in conducting continuous studies in related studies. Conclusion To conclude, making a good decision is quite difficult during the particular discussion, because bad decision making may be easily found if leaders do not communicate and cooperate well with each other. In order to make good decision, leaders should not take all the responsibilities to make decision, while they are required to give out some power to colleagues, that can let them have their own ideas and opinion about own mission. Otherwise all of the group members will just follow the decision of leaders before such kind of discussion, and those expected results will be generate without any agreement between each other (Higgins, 2000). In order to enhance effectiveness in making good decision, different subgroups are required if the whole size of group is too large. Because every group member cannot communicate well within the oversize groups, and leaders may discuss with subgroups respectively before the whole meeting, even decision making (Øvretveit, 1995). These kinds of situation can prevent blindly obedience to that authority, which can provide more chance for leaders and members to communicate during discussion before making any decision. Therefore good decision making is the responsibility of group leaders, while each group members are needed to put more efforts in communicating between each other within every complicated progress (Gerrig, 2013). References Asch, S. E. (1951). Effects of group pressure upon the modification and distortion of judgments. Groups, leadership, and men, 222-236. Bickman, L. (1971). The effect of another bystanders ability to help on bystander intervention in an emergency. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 7(3), 367-379. Busenitz, L. W., Barney, J. B. (1997). Differences between entrepreneurs and managers in large organizations: Biases and heuristics in strategic decision-making. Journal of business venturing, 12(1), 9-30. Brug, J., van Lenthe, F. J., Kremers, S. P. (2006). Revisiting Kurt Lewin: how to gain insight into environmental correlates of obesogenic behaviors. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 31(6), 525-529. Collin, C., Grand, V., Benson, N., Lazyan, M., Ginsburg, J., Weeks, M. (2012).The psychology book. (pp. 216-257). London, England: Dorling Kindersley Limited. Gerrig, R. J. (2013).Psychology and life. (20th ed., pp. 447-472). the United States of America: Pearson Education, Inc. Higgins, E. T. (2000). Making a good decision: value from fit. American Psychologist, 55(11), 1217. Janis, I. L. (1972). Victims of groupthink: A psychological study of foreign-policy decisions and fiascoes. Latane, B., Darley, J. M. (1968). Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies. Journal of personality and social psychology, 10(3), 215. Laughlin, P. R. (1988). Collective induction: Group performance, social combination processes, and mutual majority and minority influence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(2), 254. Milgram, S. (1978). Obedience to authority. Petty, R. E., Harkins, S. G., Williams, K. D., Latanà ©, B. (1977). The effects of group size on cognitive effort and evaluation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 3(4), 579-582. Seo, M. G., Barrett, L. F. (2007). Being emotional during decision making—good or bad? An empirical investigation. Academy of Management Journal, 50(4), 923-940. Zajonc, R. B., Wolosin, R. J., Wolosin, M. A., Sherman, S. J. (1968). Individual and group risk-taking in a two-choice situation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 4(1), 89-106. Zajonc, R. B., Wolosin, R. J., Wolosin, M. A., Loh, W. D. (1970). Social facilitation and imitation in group risk-taking. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 6(1), 26-46. Zimbardo, P. G., Maslach, C., Haney, C. (2000). Reflections on the Stanford prison experiment: Genesis, transformations, consequences. Obedience to authority: Current perspectives on the Milgram paradigm, 193-237. Øvretveit, J. (1995). Team decision-making. Journal of Interprofessional care, 9(1), 41-51.